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  • 1
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Associations between photosynthetic responses to CO2 at rate-saturating light and photosynthetic enzyme activities were compared for leaves of maize grown under constant air temperatures of 19, 25 and 31°C. Key photosynthetic enzymes analysed were ribulose bisphosphatc (RuBP) carboxylase, phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) carboxylase, NADP-malic enzyme and pyruvate, Pi dikinasc. Rates of CO2-saturated photosynthesis were similar in leaves developed at 19°C and 25°C but were decreased significantly by growth at 31°C. In contrast, carboxylation efficiency differed significantly between all three temperature regimes. Carboxylation efficiency was greatest in leaves developed at 19°C and decreased with increasing temperature during growth. The changes of carboxylation efficiency were highly correlated with changes in the activity of pyruvate, Pi dikinase (r= 0.95), but not with other photosynthetic enzyme activities. The activities of these latter enzymes, including that of RuBP carboxylase, were relatively insensitive to temperature during growth. The sensitivity of quantum yield to O2 concentration was lower in leaves grown at 19°C than in leaves grown at 31°C. These observations support the novel hypothesis that variation in the capacity for CO2 delivery to the bundle sheath by the C4 cycle, relative to the capacity for net assimilation by the C2 cycle, can be a principal determinant of C4 photosynthetic responses to CO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Maximum photosynthetic rate (Pmax in Zea mays L. was reduced to a much greater extent by neutral shading during growth than in the shade-adapted C4 grass Paspalum conjugatum Berg., although under a high light regime the Pmax of Z. mays was two-fold higher than that of P. conjugatum. In both species the shade-induced reductions of Pmax were not of stomatal origin since the intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) was not decreased by growth under low light levels. The Ci of P. conjugatum (∼200 μPa Pa−1) measured at air levels of CO2 and high photon flux densities was 30% greater than that of Z. mays and, concomitantly, leaf water use efficiency was less. As with Pmax, specific leaf weight, leaf thickness and chlorenchyma volume were reduced to a greater extent by shading in Z. mays than in P. conjugatum. In contrast to Z. mays, bundle sheath chloroplasts of P. conjugatum contained well-defined stacks of grana. Mesophyll chloroplasts of P. conjugatum developed under a high light regime also contained large amounts of starch. This was not the case with Z. mays.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The influences of shading during growth upon the activities of several photosynthetic enzymes were examined in NADP-ME type C4 grasses from open (Zea mays L.) and shaded (Paspalum conjugation Berg.) habitats. The substantial species-difference in maximum photosynthetic rate observed under a high light regime was correlated with large differences in both enzyme activities and leaf protein contents. With the exception of RuBP carboxylase activity, other photosynthetic enzyme activities in Z. mays were reduced by shading to a similar extent as maximum photosynthetic rate. In contrast, only PEP carboxylase and pyruvate, Pi dikinase activities were decreased by shading in P. conjugatum. As with maximum photosynthetic rate, other photosynthetic enzyme activities in P. conjugatum were relatively insensitive to irradiance during growth. Under a low photon flux density of photosynthetically active radiation (50 μmol m−2 s−1), the flow of [14C] label through photosynthetic intermediates in intact, shade-grown leaves of P. conjugatum was typical of C4 metabolism. This provides incontrovertible proof for the occurrence of C4 photosynthesis in shaded habitats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
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    Worcester, Mass. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Social Psychology. 130 (1990) 333-339 
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  • 5
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    Unknown
    Worcester, Mass. : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Journal of Social Psychology. 126 (1986) 709-713 
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Keywords: Key wordsAgrobacterium-mediated transformation ; Datura meteloides ; Preculture period ; Transgene expression
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A transformation system is described for Datura meteloides using the supervirulent Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain 1065, carrying both the β-glucuronidase (gusA) and neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) genes between the T-DNA border sequences of the binary vector. The importance of conditions such as the preculture period of the plant tissues, wounding, bacterial dilution and incubation time were evaluated in terms of transgenic plant production. A preculture period of 2–3 days, using a 1:20 or 1:10 (vol:vol) dilution of an overnight bacterial culture, resulted in optimum shoot regeneration, with 48% from a total of 576 explants regenerating transformed shoots. Expression of the gusA and nptII genes was confirmed by a GUS fluorometric assay and by NPTII ELISA. Southern analysis revealed the integration of both transgenes, which segregated as dominant Mendelian traits in seed progeny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1572-879X
    Keywords: infrared spectroscopy ; microcalorimetric measurements ; ammonia adsorption ; acidic properties ; sulfated zirconia catalysts
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Microcalorimetric measurements and infrared spectroscopy of ammonia adsorption were used to characterize the acidic properties of sulfated zirconia catalysts. Reaction kinetic measurements forn-butane isomerization were conducted over catalysts that were selectively poisoned with controlled amounts of ammonia. Initial heats of ammonia adsorption on the strong acid sites of sulfated zirconia were 150–165 kJ/mol, and these sites contain Brønsted acid and possibly Lewis acid centers. Sulfated zirconia samples that show high activity for the isomerization ofn-butane possess Bransted acid sites of intermediate strength, with differential heats of ammonia adsorption between 125 and 140 kJ/mol. The results of selective poisoning of sulfated zirconia with ammonia confirm that Bransted acid sites of intermediate strength are active forn-butane isomerization at 423 K while not discounting a possible role of the stronger acid sites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Plant growth regulation 3 (1985), S. 125-132 
    ISSN: 1573-5087
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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