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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Alzheimer’s disease*β-Amyloid peptide ; Senile plaques ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Apolipoprotein E
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The apolipoprotein Eɛ4 allele (ApoEɛ4) is associated with a selective increase in deposition of the 40-amino acid form of the β-amyloid peptide (Aβ40) in end-stage Alzheimer’s disease. To determine how apoE genotype affects the early events in β-amyloid pathogenesis, we analyzed the medial temporal lobes of 244 elderly persons who were not clinically demented using antibodies selective for the C termini of Aβ40 and Aβ42. We found that: (1) the number of both Aβ42- and Aβ40-positive senile plaques increase with age; (2) Aβ42 appears at younger ages, and in more amyloid deposits, than does Aβ40 in all ApoE groups; (3) when compared at similar ages, older persons with ApoEɛ4 are more likely to have Aβ42- and Aβ40-immunoreactive deposits than are persons without ApoEɛ4; (4) Aβ40-containing plaques arise at least a decade later than do Aβ42 plaques, and are seldom found in the medial temporal lobe of older persons lacking ApoEɛ4; and (5) in the absence of overt Alzheimer’s disease, cerebral amyloid angiopathy is rare in the elderly, but in our sample was significantly augmented in ApoEɛ4 homozygotes. We conclude that ApoEɛ4 hastens the onset of Aβ42 deposition in the senescent brain, which in turn fosters the earlier evolution of fibrillar, Aβ40-positive plaques, thereby increasing the risk of Alzheimer’s disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 20 (1972), S. 248-257 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental CNS Tumours ; N-Nitrosomethylurea ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Cell Culture ; Clonal Growth ; Aggregation Pattern ; Transplantation ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two sarcomas, one neurosarcoma and one polymorphous tumour of uncertain classification of the central nervous system of the rat induced by N-nitrosomethylurea or ethylnitrosourea were the source of 14 clones. The cytomorphology and the aggregation pattern of the clonesin vitro are described. The malignancy and histology were checked by homologous transplantation. All the clones formed sarcoma-like structuresin vivo, but it was difficult to decide whether these neoplasias were real sarcomas or very dedifferentiated glial tumours. The differences in cytology observedin vitro were greater than the histological differencesin vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental CNS tumours ; Methylnitrosourea ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Clonal growth ; Serum-free culture ; db cAMP treatment ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Six clones from methylnitrosourea (MNU) or ethylnitrosourea (ENU) induced tumours obtained in the nervous system of the rat were cultured in serum-free medium or treated with dibutyryl cyclic AMP (db cAMP) in vitro. All clones originated from longterm cultures. Three clones forming sarcomas after syngeneic transplantation showed only very slight changes following treatment, whereas the three glioma clones showed striking alterations. They formed long processes or showed rounding of their perikarya. In serum-free medium the cellular shape is intermediate between that seen in normal conditions and that seen in db cAMP treated cultures. The altered cultures resemble the primary cultures of the respective tumours. The relationship of these alterations to tumour types are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 27 (1974), S. 25-32 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Experimental CNS Tumours ; Nitrosomethylurea ; Ethylnitrosourea ; Primary Cultures ; Tumour Classification ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By means of the explant technique a series of primary tumours induced by methylnitrosourea (MNU) or ethylnitrosourea (ENU) in the brain of rats were cultured in vitro. The morphology of isomorphic oligodendrogliomas, astrocytomas, glioblastomas and sarcomas under in vitro conditions is described. All these neoplasias show a very distinct morphological picture and growth behaviour, thus permitting their classification. Most of the tumours tend to anaplastic changes during longer cultivation, but in some cases, preferably in well differentiated gliomas, the cytological properties are maintained even during longterm cultivation. The role of anaplasia and intermingling of different neoplastic cell types in experimental tumours are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 26 (1970), S. 303-304 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Durch wiederholte i.v. Injektionen von gelöstem Methylnitrosoharnstoff werden bei 4 Hunden intrazerebrale Geschwülste induziert. Damit ist der Beweis erbracht, dass dieser Stoff nicht nur bei Nagetieren, sondern auch bei grösseren Säugetieren Geschwülste des Zentralnervensystems verursachen kann.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 51 (1978), S. 397-402 
    ISSN: 0027-5107
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Clinical and experimental medicine 150 (1969), S. 76-86 
    ISSN: 1591-9528
    Keywords: Brain neoplasms ; Neoplasms, experimental chemically induced ; Neoplasms, nervous tissue ; Nitroso compounds ; Rabbits ; Hirntumoren ; Chemisch induzierte experimentelle Tumoren ; Tumoren des Nervengewebes ; Nitrosoverbindungen ; Kaninchen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In 48 auswertbaren Versuchen sind nach intravenöser Injektion von Methylnitrosoharnstoff bei 33 Kaninchen (68,8%) Hirntumoren und in 4 Fällen gleichzeitig Rückenmarktumoren entstanden. Histologisch handelt es sich vorwiegend um multiforme Glioblastome und um Sarkome. Geschwülste der Nervenwurzeln und peripheren Nerven wurden im Gegensatz zu Ratten nicht gefunden. Weitere Unterschiede in der Lokalisation der induzierten Tumoren nach Methylnitrosoharnstoff-Applikation gegenüber Ratten bestehen bei Kaninchen in dem häufigen Auftreten von Dünndarmcarcinomen und multiplen Gefäßwandsarkomen verschiedener Organe. Kaninchen sind bisher die größte Tierart, bei der mit Methylnitrosoharnstoff die Erzeugung von Hirntumoren gelungen ist. Die intravenöse Injektion von Methylnitrosoharnstoff erweist sich zur Zeit als die beste Methode zur Induktion von Geschwülsten des Zentralnervensystems bei ausgewachsenen Kaninchen.
    Notes: Summary After intravenous injection of methylnitrosourea among 48 rabbits in 33 (68.8%) brain tumors were found and in 4 of these cases spinal cord tumors simultaneously. Histologically these neoplasms were glioblastomas and sarcomas mainly. Contrary to rats tumors of nerve roots and of peripheral nerves were not observed. Unlike in rats the induced tumors frequently occured as small intestine carcinomas and as multiple vessel wall sarcomas of different organs. Rabbits are the largest animal species in which of brain tumors were successfully induced by methylnitrosourea. The intravenous injection of methylnitrosourea is the best method for induction of neoplasms of the central nervous system in adult rabbits at this time.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 55 (1968), S. 495-496 
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1437-2320
    Keywords: Key words Focal cerebral ischemia ; Programmed neuronal death ; Nimodipine ; Mannitol ; Cerebroprotection
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The present study was conducted to evaluate the effects of nimodipine and mannitol on infarct size and on the amount of apoptosis after transient focal cerebral ischemia. Focal cerebral ischemia was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats (weight 300–380 g) by transient occlusion of the right middle cerebral artery (MCAO) using an intraluminal thread model. All animals underwent ischemia for 2 h, followed by 24 h of reperfusion. Group I (n=16) was untreated. Group II (n=16) received 15% mannitol (1 g/kg as bolus) and group III (n=9) received 15 µg/kg/h nimodipine intravenously beginning 15 min prior to MCAO. Twenty-four hours after reperfusion, the brain was taken and sectioned in coronal slices. The slices were stained with H&E and with the transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) technique. Histopathological analysis revealed a significant (P〈0.05) decrease in infarct size in the striatum with both drugs: mannitol (group II) 25.4±5.9% and nimodipine (group III) 21.5±11.0% versus control (group I) 34.9±7.0% and in the cortex 2.7±2.0% (group II) and 6.3±2.4% (group III) versus control 14.4±9.0% (group I). The number of apoptotic cells was statistically lower in the therapy groups (group III 9.6, group II 25.8) versus control (group I 57.9) (Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon U-test Z〉1.96, P〈0.05). This study indicates that mannitol and nimodipine provide neuroprotection by preventing both the necrotic and apoptotic components of cell death after transient focal cerebral ischemia and may be effective as neuroprotective drugs for cerebrovascular surgery.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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