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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of collagen, elastic, elaunin and oxytalan fibres in ganglia of the myenteric plexus of the human oesophagus (1988)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 179 (1988), S. 97-102 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Myenteric plexus ; Human oesophagus ; Collagen fibres ; Elastic fibres ; Elaunin fibres ; Oxytalan fibres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The connective tissue associated with the myenteric plexus of the human oesophagus was studied by light and electron microscopy. Collagen fibres were identified by picrosirius staining with polarization microscopy and from their fine structural morphology. A capsule of connective tissue invests the ganglia while septa of connective tissue separate groups of ganglion neurons, surrounding each individual ganglion neuron and each nerve bundle. Collagen fibrils surround the ganglia, each ganglion neuron and each nerve bundle. The fibrils are disposed in various orientatons forming networks. Elastic, elaunin and oxytalan fibres were identified by their staining characteristics and fine structural morphology. The bulk of the ganglion sheath consists of coarse elastic fibres and elaunin fibres. Elaunin and oxytalan fibres form the intraganglionic network. Oxytalan, elaunin and elastic fibres appear to be located in areas related to different stresses and deformation to which the ganglia of the myenteric plexus are exposed during the contraction of the esophageal wall. The ganglia of the myenteric plexus of the human oesophagus show structural organisation of the connective tissue component similar to that seen in sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00305104
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Double tumors of anterior and posterior pituitary gland (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 54 (1981), S. 161-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Pituitary adenoma ; Granular cell myoblastoma ; Immunocytochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Double tumors were found in the anterior and posterior lobes of pituitary gland at autopsy in a patient who presented with progressive deterioration of mental status. The chromophobe adenoma of anterior lobe consisted of a mixture of non-immunoreactive hormone containing cells and a few prolactin (PRL) and growth hormone (GH) cells in the mid portion whereas the periphery of the tumor contained immunoreactive cells for PRL, GH, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). A microscopic focus of granular cell myoblastoma (GCM) was found in the posterior lobe. Differentiation of tumor cells into anterior pituitary cells and GCM is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689411
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of grazer regulation and algal inoculation on photodependent nitrogen fixation in a wetland rice field (1985)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 1 (1985), S. 61-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Cyanophyceae ; Ostracoda ; Ricefields ; Grazing ; N2-fixation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A dry season field experiment conducted for two consecutive years highlighted problems of achieving increased populations of N2-fixing blue-green algae (BGA) in wetland rice fields. Inoculation of non-indigenous BGA strains, either dried or as fresh viable inocula even at high levels of application, was unsuccessful. A limiting effect of grazing invertebrate populations on BGA establishment was evident, but other factors were involved. Reducing grazer pressure did not permit establishment of inoculated BGA; interspecific competition and environmental factors may explain the inoculation failure. Grazer regulation permitted the establishment of a fast-growing indigenous N2-fixing Anabaena and the doubling of N2-fixing activity over a control. Neither inoculation nor grazer control affected grain yields significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00255132
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in concentration andδ 13C values of soil-trapped CH4 and C02 in flooded rice soil (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 70-75 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Flooded rice soil ; Soil-trapped CH4 and C02 ; δ13C values of CH4 and C02 ; Greenhouse effect ; CO2 flux ; Oryza sativa
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Pot experiments were conducted to monitor the changes in compositions and δ13C values of soil-trapped CH4 and C02 in flooded rice soil with and without rice plants or rice straw. Incorporation of rice straw increased the concentration of CH4 and C02 accumulated in soil, and the quantities of emitted CH4 to the atmosphere. Rice plants reduced the concentration of soil-trapped CH4 and CO2, and the decreased portion of CH4 was replaced by N2. A significantly negative correlation was found between soil-trapped CH4 and N2. The presence of rice plants increased the δ13C values of CH4. The δ13C values of CH4 tended to increase toward the end of the growing season and were positively correlated with concentration of soil-trapped CH4. A positive correlation between δ13C values of CH4 and C02, and between the δ13C values of CH4 and its concentration, were observed. The CH4 in the rice stems was 4–14% enriched in13C relative to soil-trapped CH4. In contrast, CO2 in rice plant stems was 1–9% lighter in13C relative to soil-trapped C02. These results are discussed in relation to the precursor pools and pathways of methanogenesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01420223
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methane-oxidizing activities and methanotrophic populations associated with wetland rice plants (1997)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 24 (1997), S. 261-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Key words Methane ; Wetland rice soils ; Oryza sativa ; Methane oxidation ; Acetylene Propylene oxide ; Methanotrophs ; Rhizosphere
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Acetylene up to 500 μl l–1 did not affect methane formation in anoxic soil up to 12 h, but further incubation for 1 week showed strong inhibition of methanogenesis. To ascertain the extent of the oxidation of methane produced from rice-planted pots, the effect of acetylene on methane emission was studied. Two rice varieties (Toyohatamochi and Yamahikari) were grown in a greenhouse in submerged soil in pots. At about maximum tillering, heading, and grain-forming stages, methane fluxes were measured. Flux measurement was performed for 3 h from 6 pm, then acetylene at 100 μl l–1 was added to some of the pots. At 6 a.m. the following day, methane fluxes were again measured for 3 h. Only at maximum tillering stage of the variety Toyohatamochi was a significant increase (1.4 times) in methane flux caused by acetylene observed, whereas in the other treatments no significant increase in methane fluxes by acetylene could be defected. To ascertain the activity of methane monooxygenase (MMO), propylene oxide (PPO) formation from propylene was measured with excised roots and a basal portion of stems of the rice plants grown on the submerged soil. A level of 0.1–0.2 μmol PPO h–1 plant–1 was recorded. The roots showed the highest PPO formation per gram dry matter, followed by basal stems. Methane oxidation was roughly proportional to PPO formation. Soluble MMO-positive methanotroph populations were measured by plate counts. The number of colony-forming units per gram dry matter was 106–105 in roots, and 104–103 in basal stems. These results indicate the possibility of methane oxidation in association with wetland rice plants.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s003740050241
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evaluation of alternative substrates for determining methane-oxidizing activities and methanotrophic populations in soils (1995)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 20 (1995), S. 101-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Methane oxidation ; Propylene oxide ; Wetland rice soils ; Methanotrophs ; Methane monooxygenase ; Greenhouse effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The magnitude of methane emission is a net result of methane production and the oxidation rate. The possibility of measuring oxidized products of alternative substrates of methane monooxygenase was examined to determine methane-oxidizing ability of soils, and to count methanotrophic populations in soils. Wetland rice soils were incubated under methane containing air to enirch the methanotrophs. Methane loss and oxygen uptake were inhibited by acetylene, dimethylether, and nitrapyrin (N-Serve). Acetylene was used routinely, because it inhibited methane oxidation even at a low concentration of 0.03 to 0.06 μl ml-1 in the incubation headspace. Propylene at 10 kPa was used as an alternative substrate of methane monooxygenase, and the formation of propylene oxide was measured. When soils were incubated under methane, their methane-oxidizing activity increased. Propylene oxide formation increased simultaneously. Acetylene also blocked propylene oxidation. The results of several experiments and propylene oxide formation (r=0.87 after long-transformation). These results indicate that propylene oxide formation can be used as a semiquantitative measure of the methane-oxidizing activity of soils. The colonies of soluble methane monooxygenase-forming methanotrophs were counted on Cu-deficient methanotroph agar medium by the formation of naphthol from haphthalene. The counts increased from 104 (0 days) to 107 (21 days) g-1 soil during oxic incubation under methane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336587
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Seeding vs. vegetative propagations of the stem-nodulating green manure Sesbania rostrata (1988)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 6 (1988), S. 279-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Sesbania rostrata ; Green manure ; Biofertilizer ; Nitrogen fixation ; Stem nodule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Ratooning and stem cutting were compared with seeding in order to reduce the amount of seeds of Sesbania rostrata for green-manure growth. Both methods increased the biofertilizer yield highly significantly within a 6-week growth period.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00261012
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Green manure production of Azolla microphylla and Sesbania rostrata and their long-term effects on rice yields and soil fertility (1993)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 15 (1993), S. 241-248 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Organic matter ; Azolla spp. ; Sesbania spp. ; Aeschnomene afraspera ; Fertility trials ; Flooded rice soil ; Green manuring ; Biofertilizer ; Decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Azolla spp. and Sesbania spp. can be used as green manure crops for wetland rice. A long-term experiment was started in 1985 to determine the effects of organic and urea fertilizers on wetland rice yields and soil fertility. Results of 10 rice croppings are reported. Azolla sp. was grown for 1 month and then incorporated before transplanting the rice and 3–4 weeks after transplanting the rice. Sesbania rostrata was grown for 7–9 weeks and incorporated only before transplanting the rice. Sesbania sp. grew more poorly before dry season rice than before wet season rice. Aeschynomene afraspera, which was used in one dry season rice trial, produced a larger biomass than the Sesbania sp. The quantity of N produced by the Azolla sp. ranged from 70 to 110 kg N ha-1. The Sesbania sp. produced 55–90 kg N ha-1 in 46–62 days. Rice grain yield increases in response to the green manure were 1.8–3.9 t ha-1, similar to or higher than that obtained in response to the application of 60 kg N ha-1 as urea. Grain production per unit weight of absorbed N was lower in the green manure treatments than in the urea treatment. Without N fertilizer, N uptake by rice decreased as the number of rice crops increased. For similar N recoveries, Sesbania sp. required a lower N concentration than the Azolla sp. did. Continuous application of the green manure increased the organic N content in soil on a dry weight basis, but not on a area basis, because the application of green manure decreased soil bulk density. Residual effects in the grain yield and N uptake of rice after nine rice crops were found with a continuous application of green manure but not urea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00337207
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The fate of markerAzospirillum lipoferum inoculated into rice and its effect on growth, yield and N2 fixation of plants studied by acetylene reduction,15N2 feeding and15N dilution techniques (1986)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 2 (1986), S. 7-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Azospirillum lipoferum inoculation ; Rice yield ; Acetylene reduction assay ; 15N feeding and dilution techniques
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary A spontaneous mutant ofAzospirillum lipoferum, resistant to streptomycin and rifampicin, was inoculated into the soil immediately before and 10 days after transplanting of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Two rice varieties with high and low nitrogen-fixing supporting traits, Hua-chou-chi-mo-mor (Hua) and OS4, were used for the plant bacterial interaction study. The effect of inoculation on growth and grain and dry matter yields was evaluated in relation to nitrogen fixation, by in situ acetylene reduction assay,15N2 feeding and15N dilution techniques. A survey of the population of marker bacteria at maximum tillering, booting and heading revealed poor effectivety. The population of nativeAzospirillum followed no definite pattern. Acetylene-reducing activity (ARA) did not differ due to inoculation at two early stages but decreased in the inoculated plants at heading. In contrast, inoculation increased tiller number, plant height of Hua and early reproductive growth of both varieties. Grain yield of both varieties significantly increased along with the dry matter. Total N also increased in inoculated plants, which was less compared with dry matter increase.15N2 feeding of OS4 at heading showed more15N2 incorporation in the control than in the inoculated plants. The ARA,15N and N balance studies did not provide clear evidence that the promotion of growth and nitrogen uptake was due to higher N2 fixation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00638955
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical composition of cultures and natural samples of N2-fixing blue-green algae from rice fields (1986)
    Springer
    Biology and fertility of soils 2 (1986), S. 131-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0789
    Keywords: Blue-green algae ; Chemical composition ; N2 ; fixation ; Rice fields ; Cyanobacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Laboratory cultures, soil cultures, and natural samples of N2-fixing blue-green algae (BGA) from rice fields were analyzed for dry matter, ash, N, C, P, and a few other constituents. Results show a very large variability of the composition. Dry matter contents ranged from 0.28% to 13.6% (average 3.3%). Ash contents ranged from 15.6% to 71.3%. Nitrogen contents ranged from 1.9% to 11.8% on an ash-free basis (average 6%). Carbon content was less variable, ranging from 37% to 72% and averaging 43.7%. A decrease in N and pigment contents, and an increase in reducing sugars, was observed in aging laboratory cultures. Large differences in composition were observed between field samples and material grown in artificial medium. Soil-grown BGA and field samples were characterized by very high ash contents, N contents lower than those in laboratory cultures, and P deficiency. Extrapolation from (1) average dry matter, ash, and N contents and (2) records of BGA biomass in rice fields indicates that an algal bloom has a potentiality of about 15–25 kg N per hectare and that a BGA biomass of agronomic significance is visible to the naked eye.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257592
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