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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alpha-1-Mikroglobulin in Urin und Serum bei Proteinurie und Niereninsuffizienz (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 711-717 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Alpha-1-microglobulin ; Beta-2-microglobulin ; Proteinuria ; Renal insufficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Alpha-1-microglobulin (alpha-1-m) is a low molecular weight glycoprotein (mw 25–33 KD) that is filtered through the glomeruli and reabsorbed in the proximal parts of the renal tubules where it is catabolized. Normal ranges were established for alpha-1-m (100 healthy controls) in serum (20–42 mg/l) and urine (3.5–8 mg/l). Alpha-1-m was then measured in 341 urine samples whose protein pattern had been classified as “pathologic” and “normal” according to microelectrophoresis. Increased alpha-1-m concentrations were found in 266 out of 280 pathologic urines (5% false negative) and in 3 out of 61 normal urines (4% false positive). Beta-2-microglobulin (beta-2-m), total protein or protein test strips showed a poorer correlation to the electrophoretic results. Measurement of alpha-1-m is, therefore, the most sensitive of these methods for the detection of proteinuria. In 90 patients with low molecular weight proteinuria and either with or without renal insufficiency alpha-1-m concentrations were determined in both urine and serum. While all patients had elevated urinary alpha-1-m concentrations, increased serum values were only found in renal insufficiency (Ccrea〈100 ml/min). Independently of these results, we were also able to establish that increased alpha-1-m levels are found at decreased glomerular filtration rates (Ccrea 〈70 ml/min). Pathologic alpha-1-m concentrations therefore only allow the conclusion of isolated tubular impairment when the GFR is greater than 70 ml/min. Data from 350 patients with various renal and hypertensive diseases showed that serum alpha-1-m is a more sensitive indicator of renal insufficiency, even in the so-called “creatinine blind” range (60–100 ml/min) of the GFR than either creatinine or beta-2-m.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01733115
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary protein electrophoresis profile in normal and hypertensive pregnancies (1989)
    Springer
    Archives of gynecology and obstetrics 246 (1989), S. 97-105 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0711
    Keywords: Hypertensive pregnancy ; Proteinuria ; SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; Western blot ; Tamm-Horsfall glycoprotein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary By using of modified urine preparation and a highly sensitive SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) we determined the urinary protein profile in 21 healthy males, 25 healthy females, 64 patients with uncomplicated pregnancy and 110 hypertensive pregnant women. The urinary protein patterns were similar in controls and in women with a normal pregnancy. There were no increase in the number of protein bands from the 1st trimester to term, and the electrophoresis pattern did not change in the postpartum period. In both groups, an intensively stained protein band with an apparent molecular weight of 105 kD was detected. The 105 kD band was significantly reduced or completely absent in 91 (83%) out of 110 hypertensive pregnant women. The urinary protein electrophoresis profile correlated significantly with the severity of the disease. The 105 kD band disappeared just before or simultaneously with the onset of clinical symptoms in 18 out of 32 hypertensive pregnant women followed throughout pregnancy. Postpartum the 105 kD in urine reappeared at 2 to 14 days after delivery in 49 of the 53 patients. Using a silver staining and Western blot, the 105 kD band was identified as Tamm-Horsfall protein, which is identical to the immunosuppressive glycoprotein uromodulin. The findings in the SDS-PAGE may reflect a transitory tubular dysfunction in cases of pre-eclampsia, which is usually reversible after delivery. The results of our study support the hypothesis of an immunological basis for this disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00934126
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma-Endothelin bei Normalpersonen und Patienten mit nephrologisch-rheumatologischen und kardiovaskulären Erkrankungen (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 68 (1990), S. 774-779 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Endothelin ; Hypertension ; Coronary artery disease ; Renal insufficiency ; Rheumatoid arthritis ; Lupus erythematodes ; Liver cirrhosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Plasma concentrations of the recently isolated potent vasoconstrictory peptide endothelin were measured in 382 patients. The investigations were performed by means of a sensitive radioimmunoassay specific for Endothelin-1, 2. The results from 110 healthy volunteers displayed a normal range of 44.67±3.51 pg/ml. Significantly raised levels were found in 33 patients with chronic end-stage renal failure both before and after hemodialysis. In contrast, 35 patients with compensated renal insufficiency did not differ from the normals. Sixty-five patients after kidney transplantation revealed significantly elevated levels, as did 27 patients with acute myocardial infarction, 8 after coronary bypass surgery, and 5 with liver cirrhosis. The mean values of 27 patients with untreated hypertension, 22 with secondary hypertension, of various causes and 16 with coronary artery disease were comparable to the normal population. The values were significantly decreased in 9 pregnant women with hypertension and proteinuria. A marked decline was found in 5 patients with systemic lupus erythematodes, while 20 patients with rheumatoid arthritis demonstrated only a slight decrease. The pathophysiological role of endothelin as a local or circulating hormone in regulating systemic blood pressure or release of other hormones remains to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01647248
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Harnproteine als Indikatoren der diabetischen Nephropathie (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 66 (1988), S. 892-898 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Diabetic nephropathy ; Urine analysis ; Albumin ; Single proteins ; α-1-microglobulin ; SDS-PAGE ; Diabetische Nephropathie ; Harnanalyse ; Albumin ; Einzelproteine ; α-1-Mikroglobulin ; SDS-PAGE
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Zahlreiche Untersuchungen haben in den vergangenen 10 Jahren belegt, daß die Quantifizierung von Albumin im Urin zur frühzeitigen Diagnose der diabetischen Nephropathie geeignet ist. Dabei wurde die Albuminbestimmung aufgrund ihrer hohen Treffsicherheit bei geringem methodischen Aufwand in den Vordergrund gehoben. Die parallele Untersuchung des Harnproteinspektrums mittels SDS-Polyacrylamidgelektrophorese zeigt jedoch, daß auch andere hoch- und niedermolekulare Proteine in den verschiedenen Stadien der diabetischen Nephropathie vermehrt ausgeschieden werden, so daß eine Erweiterung der reinen Albuminbestimmung um je ein makromolekulares (z.B. Transferrin) und ein mikromolekulares (z.B. α-1-Mikroglobulin) Protein sinnvoll erscheint. Nach der vorliegenden Untersuchung können beide Verfahren (kombinierte quantitative bzw. qualitative Analyse) in der Frühdiagnostik und der Verlaufskontrolle der diabetischen Nephropathie eingesetzt werden.
    Notes: Summary During the last ten years, several studies proved the applicability of urinary albumin quantification in the early diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy. Owing to its high accuracy and its comparable low methodological effort, only the albumin determination was emphasised. Parallel studies of urinary protein patterns, however, using sodium dodecylsulfate-polyacrylamidegel-electrophoresis demonstrated the increased excretion of other high- and low-molecular mass proteins in different stages of diabetic nephropathy. Consequently an extension of the mere albumin assay including a macromolecular (e.g., transferrin) and a micromolecular (e.g. α-1-microglobulin) protein seems meaningful. According to this study, both methodological lines (combined quantitative and qualitative analysis, respectively) are useful tools in the early detection and the follow up of diabetic nephropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728951
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of various HTK solution regimens on proteinuria after renal transplantation in dogs (1995)
    Springer
    Urological research 23 (1995), S. 351-360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Proteinuria ; Kidney transplantation ; Kidney preservation ; HTK solution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Investigations were carried out by means of an autologous, heterotopic model for kidney transplantation applied to dogs. Duration of cold ischemia was 48 h. Four experimental groups were arranged. During the first 20 min following revitalization of the transplanted kidney, group 1 (HTK solution/80 cm perfusion height) showed a significant glomerular and tubular malfunction. In group 2 (HTK solution/120 cm perfusion height), only four urinary proteins with molecular weights of 25 kDa, 67 kDa, 100 kDa and 〉100 kDa were found. The excretion of higher molecular proteins receded over the 20-min period of observation. In both group 3 (HTK/aspartate solution) and group 4 (HTK/tryptophan solution) the quantity of excreted glomerular and tubular protein was well above that of group 2. As opposed to the “Tryptophan” group, a complete restoration of renal function was observed in the “Aspartate” group after 4 weeks. In general, the “standard” HTK protective solution delivered with 120 cm perfusion pressure gave the most favorable results, with the lowest levels of proteinuria and a satisfactory recovery of renal function after revitalization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00300027
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mikroproteinurie und Enzymurie bei Fieber und Pyelonephritis im Kindesalter Eine prospektive Untersuchung an 180 Kindern (1997)
    Springer
    Der Urologe 36 (1997), S. 68-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-0563
    Keywords: Schlüsselwörter Mikroproteinurie ; Enzymurie ; Fieber ; Pyelonephritis ; Kinder ; Key words Microproteinuria ; Enzymuria ; Fever ; Pyelonephritis ; Childhood
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary In 180 children (87 children belonging to a control group, 68 with fever of non-renal origin, and 25 with pyelonephritis) albumin and immunoglobulin G (markers for glomerular dysfunction), α-1-microglobulin and β -NAG (markers for proximal tubular dysfunction) and apolipoprotein A1 (marker of ’postrenal' dysfunction) were measured in second-voided morning urine. In children with fever of non-renal origin, glomerular dysfunction was encountered in 8.8 %, tubular dysfunction in 17.6 % and mixed glomerular-tubular dysfunction in 14.7 % of cases. Among children with pyelonephritis, 28 % revealed glomerular dysfunction and 44 % mixed glomerular-tubular dysfunction. No case of solitary proximal tubular dysfunction was observed in children with pyelonephritis. There were highly significant differences in presence and expression of glomerular dysfunction between children with fever of non-renal origin and children with pyelonephritis (P 〈 0.0001), whereas with regard to proximal tubular dysfunction, the differences were only moderately significant (β -NAG: P 〈 0.01) or of low significance (α-1-microglobulin: P 〈 0.05). This may indicate that morphologic changes occur during interstitial pyelonephritis due to inflammation of glomeruli, resulting in glomerular dysfunction, while proximal tubular dysfunction may additionally be due to fever-associated function processes.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei 180 Kindern (87 Kinder einer Kontrollgruppe, 68 Kinder mit Fieber nicht-renaler Genese, 25 Kinder mit Pyelonephritis) wurden Albumin und Immunglobulin G (glomeruläre Funktionsparameter), α-1-Mikroglobulin und N-Acetyl-β-D-Glucosaminidase (β-NAG); Funktionsparameter des proximalen Nierentubulus) sowie Apolipoprotein A1 (''postrenaler’ Funktionsparameter) im 2. Morgenurin gemessen. Bei Kindern mit Fieber nicht-renaler Genese fanden sich dabei in 8,8 % rein glomeruläre, in 17,6 % rein tubuläre, in 14,7 % gemischt glomerulär-tubuläre Funktionsstörungen. Bei Pyelonephritis zeigten dagegen 28 % der Kinder rein glomeruläre, 44 % der Kinder gemischt glomerulär-tubuläre Funktionsbeeinträchtigungen. Reine Funktionsstörungen des proximalen Tubulussystems wurden bei Pyelonephritis nicht beobachtet. Hinsichtlich der glomerulären Funktionsparameter bestanden hochsignifikante Unterschiede (p 〈 0,0001) zwischen Kindern mit Fieber nicht-renaler Genese und Kindern mit Pyelonephritis, während für die Parameter des proximalen Tubulussystems lediglich signifikante (β-NAG: p 〈 0,01) bzw. nur schwach signifikante (α-1-Mikroglobulin: p 〈 0,05) Unterschiede beobachtet werden konnten. Diese Ergebnisse deuten darauf hin, daß glomeruläre Funktionsstörungen bei der interstitiellen Pyelonephritis vorliegen und möglicherweise Folge einer morphologischen Mitbeteiligung von Nierenglomerula sind, während Funktionsstörungen des proximalen Tubulussystems durch funktionelle fieberassoziierte Prozesse bedingt sein könnten.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001200050069
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