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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Exercise induced asthma ; Allergic asthma ; Histamine ; Catecholamines ; Theophylline ; Plasma levels ; Anstrengungsasthma ; allergisch-bedingtes Asthma ; Histamin ; Katecholamine ; Theophyllin ; Plasmaspiegel
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Um zu untersuchen, ob endogene Transmitter bei der Auslösung und Unterhaltung verschiedener Formen des Asthma bronchiale eine Rolle spielen, haben wir bei Kindern vor und nach einer Laufbelastung sowie vor und nach einer inhalativen Provokation mit wäßrigen Allergenextrakten das Serumhistamin, Serumnoradrenalin und den bronchialen Strömungswiderstand (Rt) bestimmt. Die Untersuchung zeigt, daß das Belastungsasthma mit einem starken Anstieg des Plasmanoradrenalins, nicht jedoch des Plasmahistamins einhergeht. Dieser Anstieg war wesentlich ausgeprägter als der bei einem asthmatischen Vergleichskollektiv ohne Anstrengungsasthma. Im Gegensatz dazu zeigten die Kinder, die nach einer Allergenprovokation einen Asthmaanfall entwickelten, einen signifikanten Histamin-, jedoch keinen Noradrenalinanstieg. Zwischen Histamin-Serumspiegel und Stärke der Bronchokonstriktion bestand eine gute Korrelation (r=0.98). Nach oraler Applikation übte Theophyllin einen Schutz sowohl gegenüber dem Anstrengungsasthma, als auch gegenüber dem allergisch bedingten Asthma aus. Da Theophyllin beim allergisch ausgelösten Asthma nicht nur zu einem Abfall von Rt führte, sondern auch den Histaminanstieg verminderte, kann vermutet werden, daß ein Teil der Wirkung dieser Substanz beim allergischen Asthma auf einer Hemmung der Histaminfreisetzung beruht. Die Noradrenalinfreisetzung beim Anstrengungsasthma beeinflußte es nicht. Für seine protektive Wirkung bei dieser Asthmaform müssen daher andere Wirkungsmechanismen angenommen werden. Ob diese ausschließlich auf einer Relaxation beruhen, muß ungeklärt bleiben. Als Schlußfolgerung dieser Untersuchung wird deutlich, daß das Anstrengungsasthma und das allergische Asthma 2 verschiedene Typen eines Syndroms sind. Arzneimittel, die gegenüber beiden Typen wirksam sind, können dies über verschiedene Wirkungsmechanismen tun.
    Notes: Summary To investigate whether endogenous transmitters play a role in different forms of bronchial asthma we determined histamine and noradrenaline plasma levels as well as airway resistance (Rt) before and after exercise and allergen challenge in children. The study demonstrates that in exercise induced asthma (EIA) broncho-constriction was paralleled by increases of noradrenaline, but not of histamine plasma levels. This increase of noradrenaline was much more pronounced than that observed in the asthmatic control group not suffering from EIA. In contrast to what has been observed in EIA, bronchoconstriction in response to allergen challenge was closely associated with increases of histamine, but not of noradrenaline plasma levels. Between histamine concentrations and severity of illness a good correlation was found (r=0.98). Tests carried out after oral administration of theophylline showed a protection against EIAand allergic induced asthma. Since theophylline in allergic asthma concomitantly reduced the increase in Rt and plasma histamine it is suggested that at least part of the beneficial effects of theophylline in allergic asthma may result from inhibition of histamine release. In those children suffering from EIA theophylline did not affect noradrenaline release. Thus, consideration must be given to effects of theophylline against EIA which are based on other mechanisms. Whether these effects are solely attributable to relaxation of bronchial smooth muscle or not remains to be clarified. In conclusion this study clearly has identified exercise and allergic induced asthma as different types of the syndrome that we call asthma. Drugs which prevent against both types may do this by different modes of action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Childhood asthma ; House dust mite allergy ; Bronchial provocation test ; Allergen-induced histamine release ; Basophile granulocytes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It was suggested that 28 asthmatic children be sensitized against the house dust mite according to a positive case history and/or a positive result of the prick test and the radio-allergosorbent test (RAST). When these children underwent a bronchial provocation test with house dust mite allergen, 19 responded with a bronchoconstriction whereas nine remained unaffected. With the positive results there occurred a good correspondence with case history, prick test, and RAST, the latter being most valid in predicting results of bronchial reagibility to the house dust mite. On the other hand, those children who underwent bronchial provocation due to positive results in at least one of the allergy tests, but who did not respond with bronchoconstriction, showed no correspondence with either history or skin testing and RAST. However, when isolated basophiles from both children's groups were challenged with different house dust mite concentrations, the histamine release not only showed a good correspondence with the positive results of the bronchial provocation test, but also a correct prediction of the negative results could be made. Thus, of all allergy tests, the histamine liberation test appears to be the most valid for predicting the bronchial reagibility of asthmatic children to the house dust mite; this perhaps will allow a reduction in the frequency of inhalation challenges in those asthmatic children who are supposed to have been sensitized against house dust mite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 60 (1995), S. 19-25 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: PACS: 61.14.Hg; 68.35.Dv
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The surface morphology after deposition of Ag on Ag(111) at low temperatures (130 – 200 K) has been studied in detail with SPA-LEED (Spot-Profile Analysis of Low-Energy Electron Diffraction). The surface roughness Δ and the mean terrace size Γ have been quantitatively determined under various conditions. At 130 K the surface roughness Δ increases with coverage θ exactly according to the relation Δ=θ 1/2, which indicates that the inter-layer diffusion can be neglected at 130 K. Although the mean terrace length decreases with increasing coverage θ (following an approximate power law of Γ∝Θ −2/3) for all studied coverages, it is much larger than expected for a pure random or Poisson-growth mode without any diffusion of the adatoms. Therefore, Ag grows on Ag(111) at this temperature without interlayer diffusion but with intra-layer diffusion. The intra-layer diffusion barrier E d has been determined by measuring the temperature dependence of the two-dimensional island density according to the nucleation theory (supposing a critical nucleus size of one). The obtained value E d=0.18 eV agrees with the theoretical calculations and previous measurements. Furthermore, from comparing measured and Monte-Carlo-simulated (MC) surface roughness Δ at different deposition temperatures we obtain Δ E=0.05 eV as a lower limit for the additional barrier at steps.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 134 (1980), S. 45-50 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Exercise induced asthma (EIA) ; Catecholamines ; Cyclic AMP ; a-Adrenergic blockade ; Allergic asthma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In order to provoke exercise induced asthma (EIA) a test which involved running for 7 min was performed with 21 asthmatic children. Eleven children not only developed a highly significant increase in airway resistance (Rt), but showed also a 4-fold increase in plasma noradrenaline (NA) levels. In 10 children who did not develop EIA only a 1.5-fold increase of NA could be observed. Following exercise cyclic AMP showed an identical increase in both groups studied, whereas adrenaline levels remained uninfluenced. Tests carried out after administration of phentolamine by inhalation showed a significant inhibition of post-exercise bronchoconstriction. It is concluded that EIA originates from a-receptor stimulation which is mediated by excessive noradrenaline release. However, since disodium cromoglycate—which does not act via adrenergic mechanisms—also protected against EIA, other factors should be involved. In 5 children with allergic asthma, asthmatic attacks were accompanied by a significant decrease in cAMP, whereas noradrenaline levels remained uninfluenced. Thus, evidence appears that both types of asthma result from different autonomic dysfunctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 29 (1969), S. 77 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters A 32 (1970), S. 273-274 
    ISSN: 0375-9601
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section A 141 (1970), S. 609-619 
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section B 316 (1989), S. 663-678 
    ISSN: 0550-3213
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section B 280 (1987), S. 210-224 
    ISSN: 0550-3213
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Physics, Section B 360 (1991), S. 213-218 
    ISSN: 0550-3213
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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