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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. The differential diagnosis for hemangioma, focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH), and hepatocellular adenoma may be difficult. Reliable diagnosis is mandatory for the decision of whether to apply surgery or observation. Experience with long-term observation in nonoperated patients with hemangioma and FNH is limited. A group of 437 patients from a single institution were analyzed with regard to a diagnostic algorithm, the indications for surgery, and observation. There were 238 hemangiomas, 150 cases of FNH, 44 adenomas, and 5 mixed tumors. Of the 437 patients, 173 underwent surgery; 103 with hemangioma and 54 with FNH were observed at our own institution, whereas 117 patients underwent follow-up elsewhere or were lost. Among the operated patients with confirmed histology, a good diagnostic yield was found for a combination of ultrasonography (US), contrast (bolus)-enhanced computed tomography (CT), and labeled red blood cell (RBC) scanning: sensitivity 85.7%, specificity 100%, positive predictive value (PPV) 100%, negative predictive value (NPV) 81.8%, and accuracy 91.3%. For FNH the combination of US and CT plus cholescintigraphy showed a sensitivity 82.1%, specificity 97.1%, PPV 95.8%, NPV 84.6%, and accuracy 90.3%. Surgical mortality was 0.6%. Observation of patients with hemangioma and FNH for a median of 32 months revealed no increase in tumor size in 80% and a decrease in fewer than 7%. There was no tumor rupture and no evidence of malignant transformation. We concluded that liver hemangioma and FNH can be differentiated from adenoma with high sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy by labeled RBC scanning and cholescintigraphy in combination with US and contrast-enhanced CT. In the case of symptoms or an equivocal diagnosis with respect to adenoma or hepatocellular carcinoma, surgery can be performed with very low risk. Because in asymptomatic patients with observed hemangioma or FNH no increase of tumor size can be expected for many years, the indications for surgery must be carefully evaluated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of surgery 19 (1995), S. 83-88 
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Le cholangiocarcinome donne des symptômes sévères et est associé à un prognostic particulièrement mauvais. Le traitement non chirurgical est inopérant. La chirurgie, jusqu'à présent, est la seule chance de traitement efficace quoi que les succès sont très limités. La faible fréquence de cette tumeur ne permet pas d'accumuler des statistiques valables, et ceci limite l'état de nos connaissances actuelles. L'évolution chez 50 patients ayant eu une résection ou une transplantation a été analysée en fonction de leur classifications anatomopathologique et TNM. La survie médiane était de 12.8 mois chez le groupe de patients ayant eu une résection (n=32) et de 5.0 mois après la transplantation hépatique (n=18). La transplantation cependant, a été réalisée chez les patients où la résection était impossible. La survie la plus longue après transplantation a été de 25 mois. Quatre patients ont survécu plus de 5 ans après résection. La survie était corrélée avec la taille de la tumeur et le stade TNM, mais sans signification statistique. La résection hépatique est donc valable pour ces tumeurs. En cas de lésion non résequable, la transplantation ne semble pas être une solution valable.
    Abstract: Resumen El carcinoma colangiocelular intrahepático (CCC) se caracteriza por severa sintomatología y muy mal pronóstico. Hasta el presente, los métodos terapéuticos no quirúrgicos han demostrado incapacidad de modificar tal situación. El tratamiento quirúrgico aun constituye la única modalidad eficaz, pero con éxito limitado. La rareza de este tumor no ha permitido acumular estadísticas numerosas, limitando nuestro conocimiento de la enfermedad. En este trabajo se presentan los resultados en 50 pacientes sometidos a resección hepática o a trasplante de hígado en nuestra institución, valorándolos según clasificación histopatológica y estadificación TNM del tumor. Las tasas medias de sobrevida fueron 12.8 meses en el grupo de pacientes con resección hepática (n=32) y 5.0 meses después de trasplante de hígado (n=18). El trasplante de hígado, sin embargo, fue realizado únicamente en situaciones de irresecabilidad. La myor supervivencia luego de trasplante fue 25 meses; entre los sometidos a resección, 4 pacientes sobrevivieron más de 5 años. Las tasas de sobrevida se correlacionaron, tanto en el grupo de resección como en el de trasplante, con el tamaño del tumor y con la estadificación TNM, aunque las diferencias no fueron estadísticamente significativas. La resección hepática, incluyendo cirugía mayor, tiene indicación en pacientes con tumores resecables. El trasplante en los pacientes con tumores no resecables no parece estar indicado, a la luz del conocimiento actual, a menos que protocolos coadyuvantes, debidamente probados, aporten resultados promisorios.
    Notes: Abstract Intrahepatic cholangiocellular carcinoma (CCC) is known to be associated with severe symptoms and a particularly poor prognosis. Nonsurgical methods have failed to change this situation up to now. Surgical therapy, so far, is the only chance for effective treatment, but it has had limited success. The relative infrequency of this tumor does not allow extensive statistics and limits our present knowledge. In this contribution the outcome of 50 patients who underwent liver resection or liver transplantation in our institution is reported. Their courses have been reevaluated according to pathohistologic classification and TNM tumor staging. The median survival rates were 12.8 months in the group of patients after liver resection (n=32) and 5.0 months after liver transplantation (n=18). Liver transplantation, however, was performed only in patients with unresectable tumors. The longest survival after transplantation was 25 months; after resection four patients survived more than 5 years. In the resection group and the transplantation group survival rates correlated with tumor size and tumor stages according to TNM, although the differences were not statistically significant. Liver resection thus has its place in resectable situations. Liver transplantation for unresectable lesions of this tumor type—always deemed critically in the past—seems not to be indicated with our present stage of knowledge, unless adjuvant protocols appear promising and are tested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé La résection reste le traitement de choix des cancers du foie. Chez le patient ayant un carcinome estimé non résécable par des techniques traditionnelles, on a recours à des techniques ex-situ («bench» procédure), in-situ et ante-situm, chaque fois que possible. En dépit du manque de donneurs dans un centre qui compte actuellement 198 patients, la transplantation garde une place chez certains de ces patients. A présent, les indications sont des carcinomes hépatocellulaires de stade II selon l'UICC, les carcinomes fibro-lamellaires, et d'autres tumeurs plus rares telles que l'hémangioendothéliome, l'hépatoblastome et des métastases provenant des tumeurs neuroendocrines. En raison des résultats peu satisfaisants, on exclut les carcinomes stades III et IV, les cancers biliaires intrahépatiques, les hémangiosarcomes et les métastases en rapport avec des tumeurs non endocrines. En cas de tumeur avancée avec un envahissement extrahépatique, on peut parfois combiner la transplantation avec une résection multiorgane. Une amélioration de la survie, cependant, ne peut provenir que des thérapeutiques multidisciplinaires, qui doivent être évaluées par des essais randomisés.
    Abstract: Resumen La resección sigue siendo el tratamiento de preferencia en el cáncer del hígado. Con el objeto de evitar trasplante ex situ (procedimiento de “mesa”) de hígado en tumores convencionalmente no resecables, se debe preferir la técnica de resección in-situ y ante-situm siempre que sea posible. A pesar de la insuficiencia de órganos donantes, la experiencia de un solo centro con 198 pacientes revela que el trasplante de hígado mantiene su papel como una opción terapéutica real en pacientes seleccionados. En el momento actual las indicaciones “favorables” son el carcinoma hepatocelular en estado II de la Unión Internacional Contra el Cáncer (UICC), así como el carcinoma de subtipo fibrolamelar y, además, tumores muy poco frecuentes tales como el hemangioendotelioma epiteloide, el hepatoblastoma y las metástasis hepáticas de tumores neuroendocrinos. Debido a resultados poco satisfactorios en los carcinomas hepatocelulares en estados III y IV de los canales biliares intrahepáticos, del hemangiosarcoma y de las metástasis hepáticas de tumores primarios no endocrinos, éstos deben ser excluidos del trasplante. Para tales tumores avanzados, especialmente en el caso de extensión extrahepática, se ha comprobado la factibilidad de la combinación del trasplante de hígado con la resección multivisceral. Sin embargo, sólo se puede esperar una mejoría significativa de la supervivencia mediante los protocolos multimodales de tratamiento, los cuales requieren estudios randomizados adicionales.
    Notes: Abstract Resection remains the treatment of choice in liver cancer. In order to avoid liver transplantation in conventionally unresectable tumors ex-situ (“bench” procedure), in-situ and ante-situm resection technique should be prefered whenever feasible. Despite the deficiency of donor organs, a single center experience with 198 patients reveals that liver transplantation continues its role as a therapeutic option for selected patients. At present “favorable” indications for transplantation are International Union against Cancer (UICC)-stage II hepatocellular carcinoma as well as the subtype fibrolamellar carcinoma, uncommon tumors such as epitheloid hemangioendothelioma, hepatoblastoma, and liver metastases from neuroendocrine tumors. Due to unsatisfying results, intrahepatic bile duct-, stage III and IV hepatocellular carcinoma, hemangiosarcoma, and liver metastases from nonendocrine primaries should be excluded from liver transplantation alone. For these advanced tumors, especially in cases of extrahepatic involvement, a combination of liver transplantation and multivisceral resection has been proven feasible. However, a significant improvement in patient survival may only be expected by currently investigated multimodality treatment protocols which will require further randomized studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cancer chemotherapy and pharmacology 31 (1992), S. S157 
    ISSN: 1432-0843
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The treatment of unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by liver transplantation remains controversial. In our series, the 5-year survival value for 87 patients who underwent transplantations between 1972 and 1990 was 19.6%. There was no difference in the longterm survival of patients who had underlying cirrhosis and those who did not. In patients with early-stage tumours the long-term prognosis was improved, the 5-year survival in stage II disease being 55.6% according to UICC criteria. Even in some cases of more advanced tumour stage, good long-term results were obtained. In a review of the recent literature, we evaluated prognostic factors to work out criteria for a more differentiated indication for liver transplantation. Resection of increased radicality-which will keep its place as the therapy of choice — and transplantation should be performed complementarily. Further developments will reveal the value of multimodal therapeutic strategies, including chemo-embolisation, chemotherapy and immunotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of hepato-biliary-pancreatic surgery 1 (1994), S. 133-140 
    ISSN: 1436-0691
    Keywords: hepatocellular carcinoma ; liver transplantation ; resectability ; bench procedure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In 98 liver transplantations for hepatocellular carcinoma during a 20-year period, a strong correlation was found between survival and UICC tumor stage. From these results, tumor stage IV and the presence of lymph node metastases should be considered exclusion criteria for liver transplantation. It remains an open issue whether in potentially resectable stage I or II hepatocellular carcinoma with underlying cirrhosis liver transplantation should be preferred. Generally, resection will remain the treatment of choice. For anatomic restrictions without functional impairment, extension of resectability can be obtained by total vascular occlusion and hypothermic perfusion of the liver via different techniques, such as in situ, ante situm, or ex situ (“bench”) procedure. The feasibility of these techniques was demonstrated in five patients with hepatocellular carcinoma; there was no postoperative mortality in the group and the survival time was 12–27 months. According to this experience, appropriate indications for this procedure are patients where liver transplantation is contraindicated, the improvement of resectability in borderline cases to avoid liver transplantation, and the possible extension of resectability in conventionally resectable tumors. With regard to promising results in the literature, further investigations will be required to evaluate tumor stage and multimodality therapy concepts including in situ, ante situm, and the bench procedure, as well as liver transplantation, as complementary treatment options to conventional resection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
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