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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prolactin: A diabetogenic hormone (1977)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 13 (1977), S. 99-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Prolactin ; insulin release ; glucose tolerance ; pituitary tumours ; pancreas perfusions ; bromocriptine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary During an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) glucose and insulin levels were measured in 26 patients with prolactin-producing pituitary tumours without growth hormone excess. Basal glucose and insulin levels did not differ from the values of an age-matched control group. After glucose load the hyperprolactinaemic patients showed a decrease in glucose tolerance and a hyperinsulinaemia. Bromocriptine (CB 154), which suppressed PRL, improved glucose tolerance and decreased insulin towards normal in a second OGTT. — Human PRL or CB 154 had no significant influence on insulin release due to glucose in the perfused rat pancreas. — These findings suggest a diabetogenic effect of PRL. CB 154 might be a useful drug in improving glucose utilization in hormone-active pituitary tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00745135
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ein Beitrag zur klinischen Diagnostik des ektopischen ACTH-Syndroms (1968)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 46 (1968), S. 49-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary A case of ectopic ACTH syndrome is reported presenting with hypercorticism and pronounced hypokalemic alkalosis in a woman aged 55 y. with metastatic cancer of the pancreas. The failure to show a significant difference of plasma ACTH-levels from bulbus superior venae jugularis resp. femoral vein supported the clinical assumption of non pituitary origin of elevated plasma ACTH.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Es wird über einen Fall von ektopischem ACTH-Syndrom mit Hypercortizismus und hypokaliämischer Alkalose bei einem metastasierten Pankreas-Carcinom berichtet. Das Fehlen einer Differenz zwischen den ACTH-Spiegeln im Plasma aus dem Bulbus cranialis venae jugularis und aus der Vena femoralis unterstützte die Annahme einer nicht hypophysären Herkunft der erhöhten ACTH-Spiegel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01725305
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serumproteinbindung von ACTH (1968)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 46 (1968), S. 1028-1031 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Binding of3H-labelled and/or unlabelled β1–23-corticotropin to serumproteins resp. albumin was shown by sucrose density gradient centrifugation.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe von Saccharosedichtegradientenzentrifugation wurde die Bindung von tritiummarkiertem und nichtmarkiertem β1–23-Corticotropin gezeigt. Es handelt sich um eine Bindung an Albumin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01728540
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfluß von Somatostatin auf die orale Glucosetoleranz bei autonomer Mehrsekretion von Wachstumshormon, Prolaktin oder Insulin (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 53 (1975), S. 1161-1166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Somatostatin ; glucose tolerance ; growth hormone ; prolactin ; insulin ; gastrin ; Somatostatin ; Glucosetoleranz ; Wachstumshormon ; Prolaktin ; Insulin ; Gastrin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 4 Patienten mit aktiver Akromegalie, 2 Patienten mit einem Prolaktin-produzierenden Hypophysentumor und einer Patientin mit einem Insulinom wurde an 2 aufeinanderfolgenden Tagen ein oraler Glucosetoleranztest (OGTT) durchgeführt. Während des 2. OGTT wurden 30 min vor Beginn der Glucosebelastung 250 µg Somatostatin als Bolus injiziert, gefolgt von einer Somatostatin-Infusion (500 µg) über 2 1/2 Std. Die durch den Wachstumshormon-bzw. Prolaktin-induzierten Insulinantagonismus bedingte pathologische Glucosebelastung konnte durch Somatostatin nicht normalisiert werden; lediglich das Blutzucker-Maximum verschob sich von 1 auf 2 1/2 Std nach Glucosegabe. Die Insulin- und Wachstumshormonspiegel wurden durch Somatostatin supprimiert, die Prolaktinspiegel hingegen verhielten sich variabel. Der bei allen Patienten beobachtete glucoseinduzierte Anstieg des Serum-Gastrins wurde in 4 Fällen durch Somatostatin gehemmt. Diese Befunde zeigen, daß die pathologische Glucosetoleranz bei Insulinantagonismus im Gegensatz zu der bei Insulinmangel durch Somatostatin nicht wesentlich beeinflußt werden kann.
    Notes: Summary Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were performed for two subsequent days in 4 patients with active acromegaly, 2 patients with prolactin-producing pituitary adenomas and one insulinoma patient. Thirty minutes before the second OGTT 250 µg of somatostatin were injected intravenously as a bolus followed by a somatostatin infusion (500 µg) over 2 1/2 hours. The OGTTs were pathologic due to the hGH- and hPRL-induced insulin antagonism; they could not be normalized or improved by somatostatin. Only the peak of the blood sugar curve was shifted from one to two and a half hours after glucose administration; insulin and hGH levels were regularly suppressed after somatostatin whereas hPRL remained unchanged in most instances. Gastrin levels increased in all patients during the OGTT, the increase was suppressed in 4 patients. These findings show that the pathologic glucose tolerance due to insulin antagonism could not be improved by somatostatin in contrast to the deteriorated glucose tolerance in insulinopenic states.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476456
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulation of growth hormone secretion with human growth hormone releasing factors (GRF1–44, GRF1–40, GRF1–29) in normal subjects (1984)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 62 (1984), S. 1140-1143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Growth hormone releasing factor (GRF) ; GRF test ; Growth hormone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Peptides of different chain lengths (GRF1–44, GRF1–40, GRF1–29) were given as a 50 µg i.v. bolus to five normal volunteers. Blood was collected before and until 120 min after GRF injection. No serious side effects were recorded. All GRF peptides led to a clearcut and significant increase of GH levels compared to placebo controls with the maximum occurring 15–30 min after GRF injection. There was no significant difference in the maximal GH increase after the different GRF peptides. When GRF1–44 was administered to five normal subjects over 2 days in 6- and 18-h intervals, respectively, significant increase of GH levels were recorded after each injection compared to placebo controls. Again, there was no significant difference between the maximal GH rises during the different tests. These findings show that the short GRF1–29 peptide may be used for diagnosis and therapy. In addition, in contrast to continuous infusion and administration of GRF in short intervals, GRF application in 6-h intervals leads to adequate GH responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782473
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined pituitary function-test with four hypothalamic releasing hormones (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 64 (1986), S. 314-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Hypothalamus ; Anterior pituitary ; Releasing hormones ; Dopamine agonists
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Anterior pituitary function was investigated in ten healthy subjects by administering a combination of 200 µg thyrotropin releasing hormone (TRH), 100 µg gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH), 100 µg growth hormone releasing factor (GRF1–44), and 100 µg human corticotropin releasing factor (CRF). The same test protocol was performed in all subjects after pretreatment with 0.25 mg terguride. Five subjects were tested only with TRH and GnRH, five only with CRF, and six only with GRF. There was a prompt increase in all hormones after the administration of the four releasing hormones (RH). Pretreatment with terguride lowered the prolactin (PRL) increase (p〈0.01) as well as the thyrotropin (TSH) peak (p〈0.05) compared with the test without dopamine agonist pretreatment. The PRL levels after combined RH administration were significantly higher than after TRH and GnRH alone. Although four of the five subjects had higher TSH levels after combined RH administration than after TRH and GnRH alone, the difference was not significant. Other hormones were not significantly influenced by the combined RH administration or dopamine agonist pretreatment. Despite the fact that the interaction of the different releasing hormones and dopamine agonists influences the pituitary hormone response, combined RH administration seems to be a useful test for evaluating pituitary function also in patients receiving dopamine agonist therapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01711949
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hormone-active intradural spinal metastasis of a prolactinoma — A case report (1985)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 63 (1985), S. 379-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Prolactinoma ; Hormone-active metastasis ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A 44-year-old woman developed acute severe visual field defects and was operated on a macroprolactinoma. Since complete resection of the tumor was not possible, radiotherapy was performed and in addition to hormone replacement therapy, bromocriptine (up to 60 mg daily) was started without however complete normalization of PRL levels. Four years later PRL levels increased to 105 µU/ml despite continuation of dopamin agonist (mesulergin) treatment. As shown by ophthalmological examination and computer tomography there were no signs of regrowth of the pituitary tumor. At that time the patient complained of severe lumbar pain and myelography revealed a tumor mass in the spinal cord (L1–L2). Since the spinal tumor was not removable, laminectomy was performed. Histology and immunohistochemistry demonstrated a metastasis of the prolactinoma. Radiotherapy and bromocriptine in extreme doses (140 mg daily) together with an antiestrogen were not able to improve the neurological deficits (paraparesis) and to lower the PRL levels. This case of a metastasis of a prolactinoma after operation, radiotherapy, and dopamin agonist treatment stresses the importance of close surveillance of patients with prolactinomas without PRL normalization during dopamin agonist therapy and shows for the first time the possibility of ectopic PRL production due to an intradural spinal metastasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01731658
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serumproteinbindung von ACTH (1968)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 46 (1968), S. 940-944 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary 3H-β 1–23 corticotropin was bound to dextran gel (sephadex G-25) and was eluted by either serum proteins, albumin or 0.1 N HCl. Competitive binding of3H-ACTH to serum proteins (albumin) and dextran gel was shown by dextran gel filtration. Likewise natural ACTH (pig) and endogenous ACTH from plasma of an adrenalectomized patient were shown to be partly protein bound using biological ACTH-assay.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung 3H-β 1–23-Corticotropin wurde an Dextrangel (Sephadex G-25) gebunden und konnte durch Serumproteine, Albumin oder 0,1 N HCl eluiert werden. Mittels Dextrangelfiltration wurde gefunden, daß3H-ACTH kompetitiv an Serumproteine (Albumin) und Dextrangel gebunden wurde. Auch für natürliches Schweine-ACTH und endogenes ACTH in Patientenplasma (Adrenalektomie) wurde mittels biologischer ACTH-Bestimmung die Bindung von ACTH an Proteine bestätigt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01747159
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Einfluß von Carbamazepin auf die Sekretion von Wachstumshormon (GH) (1972)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 50 (1972), S. 981-983 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Carbamazepine ; Growth Hormone ; Carbamazepin ; Wachstumshormon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Bedeutung einer medikamentösen Therapie der Akromegalie veranlaßte uns, eine aufgrund klinischer Befunde geäußerte Vermutung eines therapeutischen Effektes von Carbamazepin bei der Akromegalie zu überprüfen. Dazu wurde der Einfluß von Carbamazepin auf die Arginin, stimulierte Wachstumshormonsekretion bei 10 endokrin Gesunden und 3 Patienten mit einer Akromegalie untersucht. Bei den endokrin Gesunden war der Arginin-induzierte Anstieg der GH-Spiegel nach 5tägiger Applikation von 3·200 mg/die Carbamazepin nicht signifikant verschieden von dem GH-Anstieg vor Carbamazepingabe. Bei 2 Patienten mit erfolgreich operierter und bei einer Patientin mit florider Akromegalie führte Carbamazepin ebenfalls weder zu einer Suppression der GH-Nüchternspiegel noch zur Hemmung der GH-Sekretion nach Arginin. Die Befunde zeigen, daß Carbamazepin im Gegensatz zu der von anderen Autoren geäußerten Vermutung für eine medikamentöse Therapie der Akromegalie nicht geeignet ist. Wenn Carbamazepin wegen seines antikonvulsiven oder antidiuretischen Effektes im Kindesalter eingesetzt werden soll, bestehen hinsichtlich einer Wachstumshemmung infolge von GH-Mangel keine Bedenken.
    Notes: Summary On account of purely clinical observations it has been suggested that carbamazepine might be of value in the treatment of acromegaly. To determine the possible role of carbamazepine in the treatment of this disease, the influence of carbamazepine on arginine induced growth hormone secretion was investigated in 10 patients without endocrine diseases and in 3 acromegalics. The increase in serum GH provoked by arginine in 10 patients without endocrine diseases after 5 days of carbamazepine application (3·200 mg/day) was not significantly different from the GH-increase before carbamazepine. In two patients after hypophysectomy and in one patient with floride acromegaly no effect of carbamazepine on arginine induced GH-secretion and on basal GH levels was seen. According to these findings carbamazepine is not a drug suited for the medical management of acromegaly as has been suggested before. It may therefore be used in growing children, if anticonvulsive or antidiuretic therapy is indicated since an effect on growth hormone secretion could not be detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01488074
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Menschliches Prolaktin (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 57 (1979), S. 1-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Prolactin ; Assay ; Pathophysiology ; Hyperprolactinemia ; Therapy ; Prolaktin ; Bestimmungsmethode ; Pathophysiologie ; Klinik ; Therapie
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Prolaktin ist in der humanen Endokrinologie das jüngste Hypophysenvorderlappenhormon, dessen Struktur mittlerweile aufgeklärt werden konnte. Durch die Einführung einer spezifischen Bestimmungsmethode haben sich neue Erkenntnisse über Physiologie und Pathophysiologie dieses Hormons ergeben. So ist das Prolaktin das einzige Hypophysenvorderlappenhormon, das unter hauptsächlich inhibitorischer hypothalamischer Kontrolle steht. Die Prolaktinwirkungen bei den verschiedenen Spezies sind vielfältig, beim Menschen scheint es vornehmlich auf die Brustdrüse und das Gonadensystem zu wirken. Eine gesteigerte Prolaktinsekretion führt typischerweise zum Hypogonadismus, bzw. zur Amenorrhoe und häufig zur Galaktorrhoe. Das Hyperprolaktinämie-Hypogonadismus-Syndrom ist in den letzten Jahren als eigenständiges Krankheitsbild identifiziert worden. Wegen seiner relativen Häufigkeit hat damit die Prolaktinbestimmung bei der Sterilitätsdiagnostik eine besondere Bedeutung bekommen. Je nach auslösender Ursache der Hyperprolaktinämie ist eine neurochirurgische, eine strahlentherapeutische bzw. eine medikamentöse Therapie indiziert.
    Notes: Summary Human prolactin (hPRL) is the most recent anterior pituitary hormone in human endocrinology, whose structure has been elucidated in 1977. The possibility to measure hPRL in serum has led to a rapid increase of our knowledge of prolactin-physiology and -pathophysiology in men. hPRL is the only anterior pituitary hormone which is under predominantly inhibitory hypothalamic control. The effects of prolactin in the various species differ considerably, whereas in men it acts mainly upon the mammary gland and the gonadal system. Hyperprolactinemia leads typically to hypogonadism, amenorrhea and frequently galactorrhea. The hyperprolactinemia-hypogonadism-syndrome has been identified as a separate entity in recent years. Because of the relative frequency of this disease prolactin measurements have become of great importance in the diagnosis of sterility. Depending on the cause of hyperprolactinemia a neurosurgical, radiotherapeutical or medical treatment is indicated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01476976
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