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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 26 (1984), S. 491-498 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: theophylline ; computer simulation ; pharmacokinetics ; single-point dose prediction ; nomogram
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A dosage prediction method to estimate theophylline clearance and dose requirement was evaluated in 22 outpatients with partly reversible obstructive airways disease. The steady state theophylline dose required to achieve a target concentration (Css) was predicted using a single serum theophylline determination 8 h after a single oral test dose. In 17 nonsmoking patients a mean absolute deviation of 8.2% (range 0.0–21.7%) between predicted and observed Css was found, and in 5 smoking patients the mean deviation was 34.0% (range 2.2–53.8%). In 17 healthy smokers the single-point method was found to predict theophylline clearance at a sampling time of 8 h with a prediction error of 11.3 (range 0.8–25.3%) compared to the clearance determination using the area under the curve. In addition, a numerical simulation program to assess the influence of absorption, elimination and sampling time on predictive accuracy showed that the method could be successfully applied to a patient population with elimination rate constants between 0.07 1/h and 0.25 1/h, allowing a mean prediction error of 15%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 33 (1987), S. 133-137 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: prostaglandin E1 ; microcirculation ; inotropic activity ; pre-ejection period ; impedancecardiography ; transcutaneous oxygen pressure ; skin circulation ; haemodynamic effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A cumulative dose response to intravenous PGE1 was established in 12 healthy volunteers. Systolic time intervals, including pre-ejection period (PEP), the ventricular ejection time (VET) and the RR-interval, were continuously determined, and transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpO2) was recorded. RR-intervals fell in a dose dependent manner, reaching a significantly lower level at 128 ng·kg−1·min−1 of PGE1 (basal value 842 ms falling to 756 ms). PEP decreased from 89 ms to 74 ms and the ratio PEP/VET decreased from 35% to 30%, indicating increased myocardial contractility. The maximal increase in tcpO2 was 125% on the calf and 60% on the foot. The peak tcpO2 was observed at an infusion rate of 16 ng·kg−1·min−1 PGE1. A decline in tcpO2 was seen at infusion rates 〉64 ng·kg−1·min−1 PGE1, indicating a decrease in skin perfusion. The results indicate that the effects of intravenous PGE1 on skin perfusion occur at a lower threshold than the increase in myocardial contractility. A maximal increase in skin perfusion can be achieved with doses of PGE1 devoid of systemic haemodynamic effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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