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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electron-energy-loss spectroscopy and the study of solids (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Accounts of chemical research 18 (1985), S. 324-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4898
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ar00119a001
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of Temperature on the Upper Flammable Limit of Methane, Ammonia, and Air Mixtures. (1960)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of chemical & engineering data 5 (1960), S. 349-351 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5134
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/je60007a030
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some Aryloxyaliphatic Acids (1951)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 73 (1951), S. 4458-4458 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja01153a504
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of histamine release from pig lung in vitro induced by extracts of hemp dust (1978)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 8 (1978), S. 408-408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion This evidence suggests that the histamine-releasing agent in hemp dust may act by a mechanism similar to that of compound 48/80.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01968656
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods for assessing splenic macrophage depletion by liposome encapsulated clodronate (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 152-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Macrophage ; Liposome ; Spleen ; Depletion ; Clodronate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Small unilamellar vesicles containing clodronate (SUVc) injected intravenously will deplete splenic macrophages and the degree of histological depletion can be assessed by determining the clearance and uptake of monoclonal antibody coated erythrocytes. Splenic Fc dependent clearance, assessed in decomplemented animals, provides a more sensitive index of the effects of large multilamellar liposome encapsulated clodronate (MLVc) and SUVc than does the clearance of complement coated erythrocytes on macrophage depletion in the spleen. MLVc were more efficient than SUVc in inducing a reduction in the number of red pulp macrophages within the spleen. Receptor specific red cell uptake in the spleen could be used as an alternative to histology when assessing splenic macrophage depletion. Encapsulation of clodronate is crucial to its depleting effect since the free drug in saline does not change splenic macrophage number or function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782812
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The suppression of rat collagen-induced arthritis and inhibition of macrophage derived mediator release by liposomal methotrexate formulations (2000)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 49 (2000), S. 155-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Key words: Arthritis — Interleukin-1β— Macrophage — Prostaglandin E2
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Objective and Design: This study was designed to determine whether liposomes are suitable vehicles for the delivery of methotrexate (MTX-γ-DMPE) for arthritis therapy.¶Material or Subjects: Liposomal formulations containing either egg lecithin (EPC), cholesterol (CHOL) and phosphatidic acid (PA) (MTX-EPC) or distearoylphosphatidylcholine (DSPC), CHOL and distearoylphosphatidylethanolamine conjugated to polyethyleneglycol (PEG) (MTX-PEG) were employed. Rat peritoneal macrophages (rPMφ) were used to test the mechanism of action of these liposomes in vitro, whilst, the rat collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was used to evaluate the in vivo efficacy of MTX-EPC and MTX-PEG.¶Treatment: In vitro, rPMφ were incubated with liposomal MTX concentrations ranging from 0 to 15 μg/well. In vivo, rats were given 4 daily intravenous injections of liposomal MTX (2.5 mg/Kg).¶Methods: IL-1β and prostaglandin-E2 (PGE2) release from rPMφ were quantified by immunoradiometric assay. Arthritis progression, in vivo, was measured by serial clinical score and hind paw diameter measurements.¶Results: MTX-EPC and MTX-PEG respectively (15 μg of MTX and 0.15 mg of lipid) were powerful inhibitors of both IL-1β (77 ± 2.3%; 79 ± 4.0%) and PGE2 (75.5 ± 4.9%; 68.5 ± 2.3%) release (mean ± SEM % inhibition) from lipopolysaccaride stimulated rPMφ. In vivo, only MTX-EPC exerted an anti-inflammatory effect, clinical score (p 〈 0.001) and paw diameter (p 〈 0.001) measurements being significantly lower than in control rats, after 2 days treatment.¶Conclusions: MTX-EPC and MTX-PEG are potent inhibitors of pro-inflammatory mediators in vitro, but liposomes with long circulation times do not appear to have therapeutic potential for treating arthritis in vivo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s000110050575
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors regulating the expression of vascular permeability/vascular endothelial growth factor by human vascular tissues (1997)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 40 (1997), S. S118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250051423
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subsidence and rock creep in a cross-valley fill (1994)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 24 (1994), S. 159-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Mine dump stability ; Subsidence ; Creep ; Pore water pressure ; Phosphate mines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Cross-valley fills composed cf waste rock from mining operations pose environmental concerns related to their long-term stability. A large (2.06×107 m3) phosphate waste dump in southeastern Idaho was monitored from 1981 to 1988 for subsidence and horizontal displacement in conjunction with different surficial rock types and long-term precipitation patterns. Most of the 19 surveyed benchmarks on the dump face moved in the northeast direction during the 7-yr study period, roughly the same orientation as the aspect of the fill face. Average vertical subsidence rate decreased exponentially with time from a high of 0.15 m/yr in 1981–1982 to a fairly stable level of 0.008 m/yr by 1988. Net displacement similarly decreased from 0.19 m/yr shortly after dump construction to 0.023 m/yr by 1988. Both subsidence and net displacement were initially higher in the shale cap on the west side of the chert-filled dump; however, by 1986–1988 subsidence and displacement rates were actually lower in the shale material. Subsidence and net displacement appeared unaffected by temporal precipitation patterns; both subsidence and net displacement rates declined significantly during the very wet snowmelt seasons of 1983 and 1984. The temporal patterns of movement at the dump site suggest that the breakdown of the rock (especially shale) occurs primarily during the first 1.5 yr following dump construction. Periodic saturation of the upper 6 m of spoil occurred in nine of 60 neutron access tubes, normally during the spring snowmelt seasons. Saturation occurred at depths ≥1.8 m and is thought to be associated with uneven compaction or heterogeneities in the fill. Overall, the dump appeared to be internally well drained with rates of rock creep unaffected by seasonal water inputs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00766885
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The role of behavioral responses to predators in modifying urchins' (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) destructive grazing and seasonal foraging patterns (1981)
    Springer
    Marine biology 63 (1981), S. 39-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We documented spatial and temporal patterns of urchins (Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis) and periwinkles (Littorina littorea) in three habitats: a persistent Laminaria longicruris and L. digitata bed; an urchin dominated barrens, and the edge of the kelp bed that formed a boundary between the two. Urchins were rare in the kelp and, when present, always large and well hidden, a pattern we interpret as a response to crab and lobster predation. Urchins were abundant in the barrens, and, in the summer when predaceous fish were active during the day, foraged only at nigh. We observed the formation of a dense urchin feeding front along the kelp bed edge, and these urchins remained exposed and feeding even during the summer. Laboratory experiments demonstrated that aggregations are an effective defense against some predators, and that the presence of crabs increases the tendency of large urchins to aggregate. We hypothesize that healthy Laminaria spp. beds persist because kelp bed associated predators keep urchins at low densities and in hiding. A reduction in predation pressure permits urchin densities to increase to the point where they form aggregations, which provide better defense than hiding. These aggregations then graze destructively on Laminaria spp., forming barrens. These barrens seem to be a new, stable configuration of the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00394661
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochemical and genetic analysis of the Oka blood group antigen (1988)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 27 (1988), S. 322-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The monoclonal antibody TRA-1-85 recognizes a cell surface antigen which is expressed by all human cell types tested, including red blood cells (RBCs), but not by mouse cells. All the human RBCs tested were TRA-1-85 positive except those with the rare phenotype Ok(a−). Oka is a blood group antigen of very high frequency and only three unrelated Ok(a−) people are known. The red cells of all three propositi were negative with the TRA-1-85 antibody. To confirm the relationship between the TRA-1-85 antibody and anti-Oka, the immune antibody found in the serum of Ok(a−) individuals, Western blot analysis was used: the TRA-1-85 antibody and anti-Oka gave identical but complex patterns of re-activity in Western blot analysis of human cell lysates or membranes. This suggests that the anti-Oka and TRA-1-85 antibodies recognize the same cell-surface determinant and implies that Oka is not restricted in its expression to the surface of RBCs but is expressed on white blood cells (WBCs) of Ok(a+) individuals and all human cell lines tested to date. WBCs from one of the Ok(a−) propositi were tested and found to be negative with the TRA-1-85 antibody. Finally, the species specificity of the TRA-1-85 antibody has been exploited by the use of somatic cell hybrids and DNA transfection techniques to examine the genetic control of the Oka antigen defined by the TRA-1-85 antibody. We report that the determinant is controlled by a single gene OK present on human chromosome 19.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395127
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