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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 300 (1982), S. 345-346 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Radon was detected using a sensitive film enclosed in Track Etch Detector Cups which were buried at 40-cm depth for -30 days. Analyses of the tracks on the film were performed by the manufacturer. Radon is reported as tracks per mm2 per 30 days (0.91 tracks per mm2 per 30 days = 1 pCi 1 1 for the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] At 5,400 m, Nevado del Ruiz is the highest of a cluster of five volcanic peaks in the Cordillera Central of north-central Colombia (Fig. 1) and is capped by a glacier 2-5 km wide. A major eruption of Ruiz occurred in 1595, and in 1845, Ruiz was the source of a lahar which killed more than 1,000 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Galeras volcano (4,200 m high), a recent active cone in southern Colombia, 7 km west of Pasto (population of 〉300,000) (Fig. 1), was chosen as South America's 'Decade volcano', to be studied extensively during the International Decade of Natural Disaster Reduction. Galeras showed signs of unrest ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 376 (1995), S. 478-478 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] MONITORING an active volcano is no mean feat. This is the first book to take on the formidable task of bringing together the strategies, procedures and techniques involved. It seems that the editors, with the help of 25 other authors, have had some success. I doubt whether my graduate students will ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 376 (1995), S. 644-644 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] MOUNTAINS can be dangerous places, and on page 675 of this issue1 Farrar and colleagues describe a hitherto neglected way in which they can kill. Their subject is Mammoth Mountain, in the east of California, a volcano that was last active several hundred years ago and is part of a larger volcanic ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 55 (1993), S. 289-296 
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Volcan Puracé ; Colombia ; hydrothermal system ; volcanic gases ; He isotopes ; S isotopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents chemical and isotopic data for thermal waters, gases and S deposits from Volcan Puracé (summit elevation ∼4600 m) in SW Colombia. Hot gas discharges from fumaroles in and around the summit crater, and thermal waters discharge from three areas on its flanks. The waters from all areas have δD values of-75±1, indicating a single recharge area at high elevation on the volcano. Aircorrected values of3He/4He in thermal waters range from 3.8 to 6.7 RA, and approach those for crater fumarole gas (6.1–7.1 RA), indicating widespread addition of magmatic volatiles. An economic S deposit (El Vinagre) is being mined in the Rio Vinagre fault zone at 3600 m elevation. Sulfur isotopic data are consistent with a magmatic origin for S species in thermal waters and gases, and for the S ore deposit. Isotopic equilibration between S species may have occurred at 220±40°C, which overlaps possible equilibration temperatures (170±40°C) determined by a variety of other geothermometers for neutral thermal waters. Apparent CH4−CO2 equilibration temperatures for gases from thermal springs (400±50°C) and crater fumaroles (520±60°C) reflect higher temperatures deeper in the system. Hot magmatic gas ascending through the Rio Vinagre fault zone is though to have precipitated S and generated thermal waters by interaction with descending meteoric waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Bulletin of volcanology 50 (1988), S. 399-412 
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Hot springs and steam vents on the slopes of Nevado del Ruiz volcano provide evidence regarding the nature of hydrothermal activity within the summit and flanks of the volcano. At elevations below 3000 m, alkali-chloride water is discharged from two groups of boiling springs and several isolated warm springs on the western slope of Nevado del Ruiz. Chemical and isotopic geothermometers suggest that the boiling springs are fed by an aquifer having a subsurface equilibration temperature of at least 175°C, and the sampled warm spring is fed by an aquifer having a subsurface equilibration temperature near 150°C. Similarities in conservative solute ratios (e.g., B/Cl) indicate that the alkali-chloride waters may be related to a single reservoir at depth. Isotopic ratios of hydrogen and oxygen indicate that recharge for the alkali-chloride aquifers comes mostly from higher elevations on the volcano. Steam vents and steam-heated bicarbonate-sulfate springs at higher elevations, along a linear structural trend with the alkali-chloride springs, may be derived partly from the alkali-chloride water at depth by boiling. Steam from the vents (84°C) yields a gas geothermometer temperature of 209°C. Acid-sulfate-chloride and acid-sulfate waters are discharged widely from warm springs above 3000 m on the northern and eastern slopes of Nevado del Ruiz. Similarities in B/Cl and SO4/Cl ratios suggest that the acid waters are mixtures of water from an acid-sulfate-chloride reservoir with various proportions of shallow, dilute groundwater. The major source of sulfate, halogens, and acidity for the acid waters may be high-temperature magmatic gases. Available data on hot spring temperatures and compositions indicate that they have remained fairly stable since 1968. However, the eruption of November 13, 1985 apparently caused an increase in sulfate concentration in some of the acid springs that peaked about a year after the eruption. Long-term monitoring of hot spring compositions over many years will be required to better define the effects of volcanic activity on the Nevado del Ruiz hydrothermal system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0819
    Keywords: Cumbal Volcano Hydrothermal system Gases Fumaroles Springs Geochemistry Isotopes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract. We present chemical and isotopic data for fumarolic vapor and thermal spring discharges from Cumbal Volcano, SW Colombia. In 1988 Cumbal showed signs of apparent reactivation. Gases and steam condensates were sampled from summit fumaroles (83–375°C) of Cumbal in 1988–1996 and discharges from thermal springs (15–37°C) on its flanks in 1995–1996. Based on relative CO2, total S (H2S+SO2), and HCl contents, fumarolic discharges are principally magmatic in composition. Fumarolic steam condensates (1993–1996) have δ18O values of –11.4 to +2.5‰ and δD values of –91 to –43‰. δ18O and δD compositions indicate mixing between local meteoric and magmatic waters. 3He/4He ratios in 1993–1996 samples (5.3–7.9 Rcor) are consistent with addition of mantle-derived helium. δ13CCO2 values for 1996 samples (–6.7 to –5.0‰) likely indicate contribution of marine-carbonate, organic sediment, and mantle-derived CO2. δ34SStotal compositions (–4.6 to +5.6‰) of 1988–1996 fumarolic discharges have magmatic signatures and may reflect cycles of deposition and remobilization of native sulfur. Thermal waters are acid-sulfate or bicarbonate in composition. Relative concentrations of chemical constituents of thermal waters imply that the composition of waters is controlled by absorption of magmatic volatiles into shallow ground- and surface waters, dilution with meteoric waters along flow paths, and dissolution of host rocks. δ18O and δD compositions are consistent with a meteoric origin of waters. δ34SStotal values for thermal spring gas discharges (9.6–10.5‰) suggest deposition of δ34S-depleted sulfur minerals along flow paths. Chemical and isotopic compositions of 1988–1995 fumarolic discharges provide evidence for input of magmatic volatiles into the Cumbal hydrothermal system. From 1995 to 1996, geochemical data show increasing hydrothermal signatures, suggesting a decline in magmatic volatile input.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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