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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth and magnetic properties of FexNi1−x ultrathin films on Cu(100) : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5635-5637 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated ultrathin FexNi1−x films grown epitaxially on Cu(100) with different stochiometry. With the surface magneto-optic Kerr effect (SMOKE) we measured the variation of the Curie temperature TC as a function of the film thickness n in monolayers (ML). Using the results of our previous investigations on finite-size scaling (Huang et al.), we are able to extrapolate the value TC(∞) for samples with different Fe content. In particular, alloy films with Fe concentrations close to 65% remain ferromagnetic. This is in contrast to bulk Fe65Ni35, which shows a collapse of long range order, which is the so-called invar effect associated with a fcc to bcc structural transition. Growing these alloy films on a Cu(100) substrate forces them to adapt the Cu lattice spacing, thereby suppressing the structural relaxation. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362265
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic x-ray linear dichroism in the photoelectron spectroscopy of ultrathin magnetic alloy films : The 40th annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 79 (1996), S. 5626-5628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic structure of nanoscale alloy films has been probed using the magnetic x-ray linear dichroism in photoelectron spectroscopy. FeNi and CoFe epitaxial films were grown on Cu(001), in situ and using molecular beam epitaxy techniques. The magnetic x-ray linear dichroism measurements were made at the Spectromicroscopy Facility of the Third Generation Advanced Light Source. Because soft x-rays were used to generate photoemission from the 3p core levels, both elemental selectivity and magnetic sensitivity were achieved simultaneously. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.362262
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dependence of keV x-ray generation on the temporal and spatial separation of two KrF laser pulses (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 5047-5053 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The generation of keV x-ray emission from plasma produced by a 15 mJ 90 ps KrF laser pulse focused to an 8 μm spot on a copper target preceded by a similar 8 mJ pulse is studied experimentally. The change in efficiency of generation of keV x rays by the second pulse due to the presence of plasma produced by the preceding laser pulse on target is investigated as a function of the spatial and temporal separation of the laser pulses. When closely overlapped in space and time the pair of pulses behave like a single higher intensity pulse. When separated in space by more than 100 μm the two pulses behave independently generating x rays at the same rate as they would as two separate pulses. However, when overlapped in space and separated in time the x-ray generation by the second pulse is enhanced for small temporal separations and then suppressed for larger temporal separations due to the plasma created by the first pulse. These results can be explained by the initial production of hot plasma which enhances x-ray generation followed by the production of an extended colder plasma from the unloading of the shock heated target surface which suppresses keV x-ray production by the second pulse. The observed time of transition from enhancement to reduction of x-ray generation agrees with the time for the hot initial plasma due to the first laser pulse to expand and cool significantly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357216
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spin reorientation transition in Ni films on Cu(100) : The 6th joint magnetism and magnetic materials (MMM)-intermag conference (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 6434-6436 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The magnetic anisotropy of Ni films grown on single-crystal Cu(100) was studied in situ using the surface magneto-optic Kerr effect. The easy axis of magnetization lies in the plane of the film for ultrathin films and it is perpendicular to the film above a switching thickness. This behavior is attributed to a specific contribution to the magnetocrystalline anisotropy energy induced by a change in the film microstructure above a critical thickness. In the Ni/Cu(100) system, the magnetoelastic interface anisotropy favors perpendicular magnetization which becomes comparable to the shape anisotropy at the switching thickness. We compare the switching thickness and magnetization of films grown using different processing conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358240
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ferromagnetism in ultrathin metastable films of fcc Fe, Co, and Ni (invited) (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 4051-4056 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have applied spin-polarized neutron reflection at a grazing angle of incidence to study the ferromagnetic behavior of thin magnetic films down to the monolayer thickness level. The reflected intensities I+ and I− for spin parallel (+) or antiparallel (−) to the sample magnetization are measured near the angle θc for total reflection: deviation of the flipping ratio F=I+/I− from unity occurs only for ferromagnetic ordering. In general, deviations of F from unity are so small that an accurate determination of the magnetic moment per atom μ is not possible. The success of the present experiments relies on the enhancement (∼500×) of the magnetic signal when the film is overcoated with a nonmagnetic layer of thickness sufficient to produce constructive interference in the reflected neutron wave field. With this method, we have determined the magnetic moments in films of the metastable fcc phases of Fe and Co, grown epitaxially on Cu(001) single-crystal substrates. The fcc Fe(001) films have lowered Curie temperatures TC below 400 K for thicknesses less than 5 monolayers, similar to Ni films. In contrast, the Co(001) films exhibit a constant value of μ≈μbulk=1.8μB down to a single monolayer thickness over the same temperature range. The fcc Fe films exhibit unusual magnetic anisotropy properties which are structure and strain related, as determined by low-energy electron diffraction measurements. The results are discussed in the context of three- to two-dimensional magnetic scaling theories and predictions derived from local-spin-density functional calculations of the magnetic moments per atom as a function of volume strain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340545
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Operational characteristics of a gas discharge stabilized by a rotating magnetic field (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 62 (1987), S. 3616-3620 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The operational characteristics of a gas discharge under the influence of a transverse rotating magnetic field are described. The terminal characteristics and measurements of gas-discharge temperature are presented. Experimental results indicate that a transverse rotating magnetic field can improve gas-discharge stability and useful power deposition into the plasma. A 25% increase in discharge power loading has been demonstrated by using this discharge-stabilization technique.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.339264
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum well states and magnetic coupling between noble metals and ferromagnets (invited) : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 5771-5775 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have searched for the electronic states that mediate oscillatory magnetic coupling in superlattices, and have found strong evidence that these are quantum well states, which are created by quantizing the momentum of s,p-band states perpendicular to the interfaces. In noble metal layers on ferromagnets we find such states at the Fermi level, where they are able to influence magnetic coupling and transport. They exhibit several traits connecting them with oscillatory magnetic coupling, such as periodicity and spin polarization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353569
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of FexNi1−x ultrathin films on Cu(100) near the invar concentration : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 3898-3900 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have grown ultrathin FexNi1−x films epitaxially on Cu(100) with different stoichiometry. Previous measurements showed a deviation of the thickness dependence of Tc for a Fe75Ni25 alloy, which was not observed for smaller Fe concentrations. Therefore, we investigated the growth near this invar concentration more closely. With a charge coupled device camera based acquisition system, we observed the evolution of the reflection high-energy electron diffraction pattern during growth near the invar concentration. This allows us to determine the in-plane lattice constant of the top layer. Up to 66% Fe content, we see in-plane lattice constant oscillations similar to the Co/Cu(100) system [Fassbender et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 4476 (1995)]. At 80% Fe content, these oscillations are suppressed and we observe also a lattice contraction as expected from recent calculations. We discuss these results in connection with our previous results on the magnetic properties of FexNi1−x ultrathin films. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365063
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interfacial anisotropy and magnetic transition of cobalt films on Cu(111) : 38th Annual Conference On Magnetism and Magnetic Materials (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 6406-6408 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We measure the magnetic properties of ultrathin films of Co epitaxially grown on single crystal Cu(111) using surface magneto-optic Kerr effect. The magnetic behavior is compared with that of the same films, but covered by Cu overlayers to study the effects of film morphology on ferromagnetism. The uncapped films show mainly in-plane anisotropy, but a weak perpendicular magnetization is always present. Capping a 1.5 monolayer (ML) Co film with Cu significantly enhances perpendicular anisotropy with 1 ML of Cu overlayer eliminating the in-plane magnetization completely. The perpendicular magnetization reaches its maximum value with 3 ML of Cu overlayer, ∼5 times higher than the uncapped films, and then decreases as more Cu is deposited. Annealing can further increase the perpendicular magnetization with the in-plane component remaining weak. In sharp contrast, this perpendicular anisotropy enhancement by Cu overlayers is not seen for Co films on Cu(100). The temperature dependence of magnetization fits to the phenomenological power law M∼(1−T/TC)β with β=0.15±0.05 for the uncapped 1.5 ML Co film and shows a linear behavior after the film is covered by Cu overlayers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.355366
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite-size scaling behavior of ferromagnetic thin films : 37th Annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 6760-6762 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have used molecular-beam epitaxy to grow high-quality pseudomorphic Ni and Co1Ni9 films on Cu(001). From temperature-dependent surface magneto-optic Kerr effect measurements of these films, we have determined the finite-size scaling behavior of the Curie temperature of ultrathin films for a thickness range of n=2.5–16 monolayers (ML). The film thickness dependent Curie temperature for each of these ferromagnetic thin-film systems, TC(n), is described by a finite-size scaling formula: [TC(∞) − TC(n)]/TC(n) = [(n − n')/n0]−1/ν, where TC(∞) is the bulk Curie temperature, n0=2.5±0.5 ML for Co films and 3.5±0.4 ML for Ni and Co1Ni9 films is the microscopic length scale, and ν=0.76±0.08 is the bulk correlation length exponent. An interesting result is that TC(n) extrapolates to zero in the single mononolayer limit, n'=1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.352477
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