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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The reaction of satellite cells after the experimental infection with a neurotropic virus shows an enlargement of the nuclei of the satellite cells, an approach of the satellite cells to their ganglion cells, and a multiplication of the oligodendroglia. This reaction takes the same course in both chicks and chickens. Despite the possibility of re-isolating the virus from the brain, and the existence of a preencephalitic activation of the vessel wall, the reaction fails to show up when weak virulent strains of viruses are used. A highly virulent virus provoked a clear satellitosis in surviving animals only. However, no reaction could be observed in dead animals. The cytodynamic behavior of the satellite cells is quite similar after the experimental withdrawal of the nutrition, and after artificial coccidiosis. A stress induced by shaking until exhaustion (of the test animals) is just followed by lessening the distance, whereas no functionalswelling of nuclei and the multiplication of glial cells take place. The maturing of the satellite cell, dependent upon the age, was distinguished from these reactive alterations. It occurs mainly between the fourth and seventh week of life, and is characterized by the decrease in volume, by lessening the distance between satellite and ganglion cells, and by an augmentation of the glial index.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Reaktion der Satellitenzellen besteht bei experimenteller Infektion mit einem neurotropen Virus in einer Vergrößerung der Satellitenzellkerne, einer Annäherung der Satellitenzellen an ihre Ganglienzellen und in einer Vermehrung der Oligodendroglia. Diese Reaktion verläuft be Külen und Hennen gleichartig. Sie bleibt bei Verwendung schwach virulenter Virusstämme aus, obwohl das Virus aus dem Gehirn rückisolier werden konnte und eine präencephalitische Gefäßwandaktivierung vorlag. Ein hochvirulentes Virus provozierte eine deutliche Satellitose nur bei den überlebenden Tieren. Bei den gestorbenen ließ sich dagegen keine Reaktion objektivieren. Das cytodynamische Verhalten der Satellitenzellen ist ähnlich nach experimentellem Nahrungsentzug und künstlicher Coccidiose. Bei einem bis zur Erschöpfung einwirkenden Schüttelstress erfolgt nur die Distanzverringerung, während die funktionelle Kernschwellung und die Vermehrung der Ganglienzellen unterbleiben. Von diesen reaktiven Veränderungen wurde die altersabhängige Ausreifung der Satellitenzelle abgegrentzt. Sie vollzieht sich hauptsächlich zwischen der 4. und 7. Lebenswoche und besteht in Volumenverkleinerung, Verringerung der Distanz zwischen Satelliten- und Ganglienzellen sowie in einer Vergrößerung des Gliaindex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 178 (1989), S. 9-20 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Prevention and control of the spread of IBR/IPV virus in cattle presumes exact diagnosis even with large sample collections. The requirements are fulfilled firstly by the application of the most sensitive testing methods for virus specific antibodies, such as the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and secondly by the introduction of bovine milk as a specimen for sampling. Data are presented demonstrating the application of a commercial ELISA system for evaluation of large sample collections and its optimization for this purpose.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 426 (2003), S. 267-271 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Temporal probing of a number of fundamental dynamical processes requires intense pulses at femtosecond or even attosecond (1 as = 10-18 s) timescales. A frequency ‘comb’ of extreme-ultraviolet odd harmonics can easily be generated in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 8531-8535 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The Stanford Linear Accelerator Center is currently operating with a photocathode electron gun (PEG) to produce polarized electrons for its experimental program. Bunch intensities of up to 1011 electrons within 2 ns (8 A) are required from the electron gun. Operation of PEG has demonstrated a charge limit phenomenon, whereby the charge that can be extracted from the gun with an intense laser beam saturates at significantly less than 1011 electrons (the expected space-charge-limited charge) when the photocathode quantum efficiency is low. Studies of this charge limit phenomenon observed with a GaAs photocathode are reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 31 (1988), S. 1910-1921 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In high-power photodissociation lasers such as the iodine laser, spatially inhomogeneous pump light deposition causes temperature and pressure gradients. These gradients set the gaseous laser medium into motion, thereby changing its density and thus also its refractive index. These perturbations may seriously degrade the laser beam quality. A pulse propagation model is presented, which for the first time incorporates the gasdynamic disturbances in an appropriate manner. Thus any deterioration of the beam quality resulting from gasdynamic effects and diffraction can be precisely evaluated. The model is shown to compare well with experiment. It is also suited for predicting the performance of high-power amplifier chains.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 987-999 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In experiments, the feasibility was demonstrated of generating multi-MeV electrons in a form of a collimated beam utilizing a table-top laser system delivering 200 fs pulses with PL=1.2 TW and 10 Hz capability. The method uses the process of relativistic self-channeling in a high-density gas jet producing electron densities in the range of 3×1019–6×1020 cm−3. In a thorough investigation, angularly resolved and absolutely calibrated electron spectra were measured and their dependence on the plasma density, laser intensity, and gas medium was studied. For the optimum electron density of ne=2×1020 cm−3 the effective temperature of the electron energy distribution and the channel length exhibit a maximum of 5 MeV and 400 μm respectively. The laser-energyto-MeV-electron efficiency is estimated to be 5%. In a second step, utilizing the multi-MeV electron beam anti-particles, namely positrons, were successfully generated in a 2 mm Pb converter. The average intensity of this new source of positrons is estimated to be equivalent to a radioactivity of 2×108 Bq and it exhibits a very favorable scaling for higher laser intensities. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 56 (1985), S. 1030-1032 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The application of 180° Thomson scattering to the JET tokamak for measuring electron temperature and density profiles is discussed. Spatial resolution along the laser beam is achieved by the use of subnanosecond laser pulses and high-speed detection allowing time-of-flight measurements. Gating tests of MCP photomultiplier and measurements of the stray light level in a full-scale optical setup show that the severe stray light problem in a backscatter geometry can be handled. Tests of a frequency-doubled iodine laser system are reported which demonstrate that a 1-pps operation of the system is feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 1642-1645 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We have developed a magnetic spectrometer to characterize the hot electrons generated in high-intensity (〉1018 W/cm2) laser-plasma interaction experiments. It comprises a dispersive element consisting of a permanent dipole magnet and an electron detector incorporating 45 scintillating/light-guiding plastic fibers connected to a cooled charged-coupled device camera. The main features of this instrument are high spectral resolution, low sensitivity to x and γ rays, and versatility due to its compact design. Performance and operational capabilities are illustrated based on experimental results in which electron energy–spectra in the range of 520 keV to 12.6 MeV were obtained with an energy resolution of 10% and a detection threshold of 106 electrons per MeV. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 80 (2002), S. 198-200 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A comparative study of temporally and spectrally resolved K-shell emission from aluminum targets heated with 150 fs Ti:sapphire laser pulses at 790 and 395 nm is presented at an intensity of 5×1017 W/cm2. Whereas at 395 nm spectrally broad intense plasma lines and a weak Kα line with durations (full width at half maximum) of 1–2 ps are observed, the spectrum at 790 nm shows weak narrow plasma lines and an intense Kα line with durations of 3–5 ps. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 2662-2664 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Utilizing a femtosecond table-top laser system, we have succeeded in converting via electron acceleration in a plasma channel, low-energy photons into antiparticles, namely positrons. The average intensity of this source of positrons is estimated to be equivalent to 2×108 Bq and it exhibits a very favorable scaling for higher laser intensities. The advent of positron production utilizing femtosecond laser pulses may be the forerunner to a table-top positron source appropriate for applications in material science, and fundamental physics research like positronium spectroscopy. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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