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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 43 (1980), S. 233-235 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Haemoperfusion ; Drug extraction ; Phenobarbital ; Drug overdose
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A simple procedure for the extraction of phenobarbital from charcoal haemoperfusion columns is presented. This method enables to evaluate the efficacy of treatment of poisoned patients with haemoperfusion. The applicability of this procedure is tested with four columns which were used in the treatment of two patients with severe phenobarbital intoxication. When an appropriate internal standard and solvent are used, this method is applicable for any drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 55 (1984), S. 168-172 
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Aluminium ; Intestinal absorption ; Methodology ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Aluminium (Al) intoxication in dialysis patients is held to be caused not only by Al in the dialysis fluid but also by Al from orally administered phosphate binders. Studies on Al absorption in patients and healthy individuals as well as in animals are still scarce, and do not provide sufficient data to characterize the absorption process. This paper presents a method of studying the process of Al absorption in a perfusion system of rat small intestine in vivo, in combination with a cannulation system of the portal vein for serial blood sampling. Determination of concentrations of an absorbed substance in samples of both the perfusion medium and the portal blood, collected during the perfusion period, may clarify the nature of the absorption process. Although this method appears to be useful for the study of the intestinal absorption of any substance, it was adapted for the study of the intestinal absorption of Al compounds. The usefulness of this method for studying Al absorption was demonstrated in an experiment in which Al chloride (0.5 g/l) in buffered media of pH 7.0, 7.5, and 8.0 was perfused through the rat small intestine over a period of at least 30 min. The results of this experiment indicate that a decrease in pH of the perfusion medium leads to an increase in absorption of Al in the portal blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 29 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A damaged skin forms a health hazard in flower-bulb growers as it enables higher permeation rates For pesticides than normal skin. Therefore, an investigation was performed into the skin condition of 103 bulb growers and 49 controls. Contact dermatitis of the hands was of the same order (11 and 10%) in both groups. However, minor signs of dermatitis were seen more often in bulb growers (30 versus 8%, p〈0.05). Most growers had contact with narcissus sap during the investigation. This irritant sap, as well as many other skin contacts with irritants such as hyacinth dust and pesticides, seemed to be responsible for many skin complaints. Contact serialization was suspected in 19 growers and 3 controls. Patch tests showed that contact sensitization existed to pesticides in probably 10, and to flower-bulb extracts in 4 growers. Reactions to propachlor were not regarded as very reliable as the test concentration seemed to be marginally irritant. There were only a few allergic reactions to narcissus (3) and tulip (2) and none to hyacinth. This investigation showed that minor irritant contact dermatitis was frequent in bulb growers, and indicated that contact sensitization to pesticides and bulbs seemed to be a less frequent but important cause of dermatitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Addiction 97 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1360-0443
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: The combination of alcohol and cocaine is popular among drug users, perhaps because of more intense feelings of ‘high’ beyond that perceived with either drug alone, less intense feelings of alcohol-induced inebriation and tempering of discomfort when coming down from a cocaine ‘high’. A review is presented of the medical literature on psychological and somatic effects and consequences of combined use of alcohol and cocaine in man. The search was carried out with Medline, the Science Citation Index/Web of Science and Toxline. Exclusion and inclusion criteria for this search are identified. There is generally no evidence that the combination of the two drugs does more than enhance additively the already strong tendency of each drug to induce a variety of physical and psychological disorders. A few exceptions must be noted. Cocaine consistently antagonizes the learning deficits, psychomotor performance deficits and driving deficits induced by alcohol. The combination of alcohol and cocaine tends to have greater-than-additive effects on heart rate, concomitant with up to 30% increased blood cocaine levels. Both prospective and retrospective data further reveal that co-use leads to the formation of cocaethylene, which may potentiate the cardiotoxic effects of cocaine or alcohol alone. More importantly, retrospective data suggest that the combination can potentiate the tendency towards violent thoughts and threats, which may lead to an increase of violent behaviours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 65 (1993), S. S159 
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Biological monitoring ; Occupational exposure ; Skin absorption ; Toluene
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A survey was conducted in a rotogravure printing plant with inhalatory and percutaneous exposure to toluene. Workers (n=9) were followed for 2 consecutive days and the frequency and duration of skin contact with toluene were monitored. In order to assess percutaneous absorption an airstream helmet was worn during one day. Urine and exhaled air samples were collected simultaneously 5 times each day for toluene (urine and breath) and hippuric acid (urine). The mean (personal air sampling) exposure concentration was between 30 mg/m3 and 600mg/m3. The best biological monitoring parameter of external exposure (without a helmet) was the concentration toluene in exhaled air 8 h after work (r-0.99). While wearing the airstream helmet the relationship between external exposure (measured in the helmet) and concentrations in exhaled air and urine deviated from the preceding relations. This was likely the result of the high body burden and not of skin contact with toluene. Skin contact with toluene (usually by cleaning of the hands) was limited to 0–30 minutes a day, with an average of about 5 minutes. During experimental exposure (n=6) in which the hands were washed with toluene for 5 minutes the toluene in exhaled air (max after 1040 min) clearly demonstrated skin absorption of toluene. The next morning 0.1 mg/m3 toluene was still detectable; this was less than the concentration measured the next morning in exhaled air of workers: between 0.5 and 10mg/m3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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