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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 97 (1993), S. 1383-1388 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 16 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. This study investigated first the effects of forskolin on cardiac rhythm, and second the roles of calcium in cardiac arrhythmogenesis by cAMP.2. Two series of experiments were performed. In the first series, forskolin was administered into the isolated perfused rat heart. In the second series, forskolin administration was preceded by administration of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, or infusion of a low concentration calcium solution. In both experiments, the myocardial cAMP level and electrocardiogram were determined.3. It was found that forskolin increased cAMP level as well as inducing arrhythmia. Pretreatment with nifedipine or a reduction of external calcium, that either maintained or further enhancd the forskolin-induced increase in the cAMP level, abolished the forskolin-induced arrhythmia.4. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that myocardial cAMP mediates cardiac arrhythmia, and provide evidence that calcium is essential in arrhythmia mediated by cAMP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 16 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) and intracisternal (i.e.) injection of β-endorphin on arterial blood pressure (BP) in rats that received five intraperitoneal injections of monosodium glutamate (MSG) on alternate days in the first 10 days of life were studied.2. β-endorphin administered into the lateral ventricles caused a prolonged elevation in BP, whereas i.c. injection of the peptide resulted in an even longer lasting reduction in BP. In the MSG-treated rat, the prolonged hypertensive effect of i.c.v. injection of β-endorphin was completely abolished, but the effect of i.c. injection of the peptide was the same as that in the control. Since MSG treatment destroyed selectively the structures around the third ventricle, it is suggested that these structures, including the arcuate nucleus, may be responsible for mediating the cardiovascular effects of β-endorphin.3. The effects of central administration of β-endorphin were completely blocked by naloxone, which mainly antagonizes the actions of μ-receptor agonists and has no cardiovascular effects itself. The results suggest that μ-receptors may be involved in mediation of the effects of β-endorphin on the cardiovascular system and that β-endorphin in the brain may not exert a tonic influence on the cardiovascular functions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 16 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of reserpine treatment on the myocardial contents of catecholamines and enkephalins and the incidence of ventricular arrhythmias during ischaemia and reperfusion in the isolated rat heart were studied.2. Reserpine treatment almost completely depleted the heart of noradrenaline (NA). It also significantly depleted the heart of adrenaline and dopamines. It did not, however, alter the myocardial contents of enkephalins.3. Reserpine-treatment attenuated significantly, but did not abolish, cardiac arrhythmias induced by ischaemia and reperfusion in the isolated heart preparation.4. The results of the present study indicate that myocardial catecholamines especially NA are a contributing factor to arrhythmogenesis during ischaemia and reperfusion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 13 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of pre- and post-treatment with naloxone on the cardiotoxicity of ouabain in the guinea-pig were studied.2. After pretreatment with naloxone, the dose of ouabain required to induce ventricular arrhythmias and cardiac arrest were significantly increased, in a dose-dependent manner, compared with the control, indicating a protective effect of naloxone against digitalis intoxication.3. Administration of naloxone at the onset of cardiac arrhythmias induced by a lethal dose of ouabain restored the cardiac rhythm and consequently saved life in seven out of eight animals, indicating an antiarrhythmic effect of naloxone in digitalis-intoxicated guinea-pigs.4. The protective and antiarrhythmic effects of naloxone against digitalis intoxication have clinical implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 13 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion on arrhythmias and cAMP levels were studied using the Langendoff isolated perfused rat heart preparation.2. Myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion caused arrhythmias and augmentation of cAMP levels concurrently, supporting the suggestion that myocardial cAMP is related to arrhythmias.3. Pretreatment with naloxone attenuated both arrhythmias and augmentation of cAMP levels to a similar extent. The results suggest that the anti-arrhythmic effect of naloxone may involve myocardial cAMP.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 12 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of naloxone on contractility and cardiac rhythm were studied in the rat isolated perfused heart during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion.2. Pretreatment of the rat isolated perfused heart with naloxone abolished the reduction in left ventricular pressures and attenuated greatly the arrhythmias due to myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion.3. Administration of naloxone into the fibrillating rat isolated heart induced by myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion also attenuated the arrhythmias in a dose-dependent manner.4. The results indicate a possible involvement of the endogenous opioid peptides in the cardiac effects due to myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. The anti-arrhythmic effect of naloxone has great clinical implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 12 (1985), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The effects of naloxone and propranolol on cardiac arrhythmias and durations from respiratory arrest to ventricular asystole and cardiac standstill were studied in unanaesthetized young rats induced to suffer respiratory arrest and exhibit ventricular fibrillation (VF) by a modified chloroform hypoxia technique.2. Both naloxone and propranolol reduced the incidence of VF dose dependently, indicating that they have antiarrhythmic effects. Addition of naloxone to propranolol shifted the dose-response curve of propranolol to the left significantly, indicating an additive effect of the two drugs in their antiarrhythmic activity.3. Both naloxone and propranolol prolonged the duration from respiratory arrest to ventricular asystole. However, joint administration of both did not further prolong this duration indicating an absence of additive effects.4. Naloxone prolonged the duration from respiratory arrest to cardiac standstill, indicating that naloxone prolonged the survival time. In contrast, propranolol did not produce the same effect.5. That naloxone both produced antiarrhythmic effect and prolonged the survival time whereas propranolol only corrected cardiac arrhythmias suggests that the antiarrhythmic effect of naloxone may not result in prolongation of survival time and that different mechanisms may be involved in the antiarrhythmic effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental pharmacology and physiology 22 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1681
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: 1. The caudal ventrolateral medulla (CVLM) of pentobarbital-anaesthetized spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats was identified by the depressor response with microinjection of glutamate.2. The mean firing rate of the spontaneously active phenyl-ephrine-excited CVLM neurons was significantly greater in SHR than in WKY. The pattern of neuronal firing in terms of coefficient of variation and skewness of the interspike interval histogram was similar in both types of rats.3. Administration to CVLM of kainic acid, an excitotoxic agent, led to a biphasic blood pressure response—a transient reduction followed by a gradual and sustained elevation. The elevation in blood pressure was significantly greater in SHR than in WKY.4. These findings suggest that the barosensitive CVLM neurons are more active and the tonic inhibitory influence from CVLM to rostral ventrolateral medulla (RVLM) is greater in SHR than in WKY. It is therefore not likely that the elevated spontaneous activity of the RVLM cardiovascular neurons in SHR is due to a smaller inhibitory influence from CVLM.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 786-788 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Silicon based structures were fabricated using scanning tunneling microscope on a Si(111) surface by the localized decomposition of gaseous silane at pressures of 10−5–10−6 Torr. Continuous wires of width 5 nm could be produced while atomically resolved images of the nearby substrate were obtained. We argue that the fabrication process is effected by field-assisted decomposition of silane on the tip surface, which subsequently migrates to the tunneling region at the tip apex where it field desorbs to the silicon surface. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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