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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Steroid hormones ; Colorectal adenocarcinoma ; Xenografts in nude mice
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of hormone therapy on the growth of human colonic adenocarcinoma xenografts in nude mice was evaluated. Primary xeno-transplantation for ten different human colorectal adenocarcinomas into nude mice yielded a tumour take of 50%. One of these host tumours was found to contain androgen receptors (8 fmol/mg cytosol protein; K d 0.73×10-9 M), which were maintained in the xenograft at the third and ninth passages, but not expressed at the tenth and twelfth passages. The host tumour and its xenograft did not express either oestrogen or progesterone receptors. Administration of dihydrotestosterone led to inhibition of xenograft growth at the ninth passage compared with untreated controls (P〈0.05), but had no effect on xenograft growth at the tenth and twelfth passages when androgen receptors were absent. Stilboestrol and progesterone failed to influence xenograft growth. In conclusion, dihydrotestosterone administration led to inhibition of xenograft growth only in the presence of androgen receptor, suggesting that some colorectal cancers might be considered steroid-hormone-sensitive tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology 114 (1988), S. 208-211 
    ISSN: 1432-1335
    Keywords: Androgen receptor ; Colorectal ; Adenoma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary To evaluate the potential effect of androgens on the development and growth of human colorectal adenomas, the prevalence and concentration of cytosolic androgen receptors (AR) were analysed in 26 adenomas and 19 samples of normal colonic mucosa by a hybrid ligand receptor-binding assay. AR were detected in 7 of the adenomas (26.9%), and in 6 of the normal mucosa samples (31.6%). In the adenomas, AR levels demonstrated were low, ranging from 6 to 31 fmol/mg cytosol protein, and dissociation constants (Kds) ranged from 0.17–2.7x10-9 M. Of 13 adenomas excised from men, 6 (46%) had positive receptor activity, whereas only 1 of 13 (7.7%) from women was positive (P=0.03, Fisher's exact test). There was no correlation between AR titre and patient age, or between adenoma size and histological type or degree of dysplasia. In normal mucosa, AR levels ranged from 7 to 33 fmol/mg and Kds ranges from 0.24–3.1x10-9 M. There was no significant difference between either AR prevalence or levels in the adenomas and normal mucosa. The sex difference was exclusive to the adenoma. Endogenous androgen may play a role in adenoma development early in the promotional process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Key words Small bowel transplantation ; Monoclonal antibody ; Rat ; Rejection ; Flow cytometry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This study assessed the effect of an anti-rat CD4 monoclonal antibody (OX38) on heterotopic small bowel allograft rejection. Fully allogeneic small bowel transplants were performed in the PVG-to-DA-rat strain combination. Animals received either i) short course (days –1, 0 and 1) of 1 mg/kg per day OX38, ii) short course of 5 mg/kg per day or iii) extended course (days –2, –1, 0, 1, 2 and twice weekly thereafter) of 1 mg/kg per day. Both the high dose (13 days) and extended low-dose (12 days) courses prolonged graft survival compared to untreated control animals (7 days). The low-dose, short-course treatment had no effect. Similar regimens were given to animals that did not receive transplants and in which peripheral blood CD4+ cell counts fell to between 20 and 55 % of pretreatment levels and 20–30 % of binding sites were blocked. In summary, anti-CD4 monoclonal antibody therapy delayed rejection of rat small bowel allografts; however, long-term survival was not achieved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2277
    Keywords: Small-bowel transplantation, rats ; Intestinal microflora, small-bowel transplantation ; Bacterial translocation, small-bowel transplantation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of denervation and warm ischaemia on quantitative and qualitative changes in small intestinal microflora following rat heterotopic small-bowel isotransplantation were assessed. Animals with Thiry-Vella fistula, but without transplants, acted as controls. Thirty and 40-fold increases in bacterial colony counts were seen in the isografts compared to controls at 2 and 7 days, respectively (P〈 0.05). Aerobic faecal organisms predominated at 2 and 7 days, but an overgrowth of Flavobacterium meningosepticum occurred at 28 days in the transplanted and host bowels. The effect of warm ischaemia on intestinal microflora was assessed by the application of a microvascular clamp to the superior mesenteric artery for 90 min. The effect of denervation was assessed following microsurgical division of all nervous tissue around the superior mesenteric artery. After 7 days, lengths of jejunum and ileum were removed and intraluminal microflora assessed. The number of bacterial colonies isolated from the ileum in the warm ischaemia group was six times greater than the number in the control group, whereas no significant changes were seen in the upper bowel. In contrast, denervation led to a slight, but consistent, decrease in colony counts. These findings suggest that the increase in bacterial numbers in an isografted small bowel primarily results from warm ischaemia rather than from mesenteric denervation, and that physical aspects of the procedure may affect the development of sepsis following smallbowel transplantation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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