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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 24 (1993), S. 109-118 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: motility ; flagellum ; spermatozoon ; nexin ; freeze-etch ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this work, we examine whether the “nexin” linkages of the flagellum can extend in length to accommodate interdoublet sliding. Flagellar bends of large angle were induced in bull spermatozoa by hypotonic treatment. It is argued that this produces large interdoublet displacements that are, nevertheless, still within physiological limits. Such flagella were examined by the rapid-freeze, deep-etch techique and the nexin linkages identified by their position in relation to the inner dynein arms and by their straplike, bipartite, morphology. They were found to bridge perpendicularly (or occasionally at an angle) between the A- and B-tubules of adjacent doublets. The nexin linkages were no more than ∼20 nm in length, even in regions in which ∼200 nm of sliding could be inferred. Variable registration between adjacent nexin rows gave some further support to the assumption that sliding had indeed taken place. From this, it is concluded that elastic deformation of the links, such as would accommodate interdoublet sliding, does not occur; some form of displacement must occur between nexin and the adjacent B-tubule. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 4 (1984), S. 215-226 
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: sperm motility ; flagellum ; axoneme ; microscopy ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Iontophoretic application of ATP to the flagellum of the demembranated hamster spermatozoon produced a planar pair of bends at the two ends of the stimulated site. During bend propagation, torsion appeared in the vicinity of the interbend in some responses such that the distal bend was twisted clockwise when viewed from the base of the flagellum. This pattern of propagation is consistent with the instantaneous configurations of free-swimming cells previously described. The technique used here establishes that the three dimensionality arises from propagation per se, and does not depend on forces developed during swimming. The rolling of both free-swimming intact and demembranated spermatozoa was examined by two-color darkground videomicroscopy and the direction of rotation was, as predicted, always anticlockwise. A hypothetical mechanism, involving differential speeds of propagation of active sliding within the active microtubule subset, is proposed to account for the observed waveforms.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An intensive search has failed to locate a proximal centriole in the neck of the rat spermatozoon. This centriole is present in late spermatids but disappears before spermiation. The distal centriole also degenerates during spermiogenesis, though more gradually; it is no longer demonstrable by the time the spermatozoa reach the cauda epididymidis (except as a few remnants in a small minority of the cells). The rat spermatozoon is thus exceptional among mammals in being effectively acentriolate. The implications of this are discussed. Since there are no centrioles, the activity and control of the flagellum cannot depend on a centriole as a kinetic center. Furthermore, since no centrioles are introduced by the rat spermatozoon at fertilization, there can be no paternal inheritance of a formed centriole through the cytoplasm. And, in this species at least, paternal centrioles have no role in the first cleavage of the fertilized egg.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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