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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Late eczematous reactions to food in children with atopic dermatitis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 34 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Food allergy is a common problem in patients with atopic dermatitis (AD), particularly in children. While immediate reactions to food are well characterized, the importance of food as a provocation factor for late eczematous reactions has been a subject of debate for several decades.Objective To investigate the importance of food for the induction of late eczematous reactions in children with AD and to correlate the clinical outcome to the results of specific IgE determinations and atopy patch tests (APTs).Methods One hundred and six double-blind placebo-controlled food challenges (DBPCFCs) to cow's milk, hen's egg, wheat and soy in 64 children with AD (median age 2 years) were analysed retrospectively. Total and food-specific IgE were determined by CAP RAST FEIA and APTs with native foodstuff were performed. The diagnostic values of specific IgE and APT results were calculated.Results Forty-nine (46%) of the challenges were related to a clinical reaction. An exacerbation of AD (late eczematous reaction) commonly occurred 24 h after the ingestion of food. Isolated late eczematous reactions were seen in 12% of all positive challenges. Forty-five percent of the positive challenges were associated with late eczematous responses, which followed immediate-type reactions. The sensitivity of food-specific IgE and the APT was 76% and 70%, respectively. Specific IgE and APT were often false positive, which resulted in low positive predictive values (64% and 45%, respectively).Conclusions Late eczematous reactions may often be observed upon food challenge in children with AD. Due to the poor reliability of food-specific IgE and APT results DBPCFCs have still to be regarded as the gold standard for the appropriate diagnosis of food responsive eczema in children with AD.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.2004.1953.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical mechanical theory of nonionic micelles (1978)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 82 (1978), S. 804-811 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/j100496a009
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative studies of integumentary uptake of short-chain carboxylic acids by freshwater oligochaetes
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology -- Part A: Physiology 104 (1993), S. 169-174 
    Details
    ISSN: 0300-9629
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0300-9629(93)90025-Y
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The prevalence of positive reactions in the atopy patch test with aeroallergens and food allergens in subjects with atopic eczema: a European multicenter study (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  The atopy patch test (APT) was proposed to evaluate IgE-mediated sensitizations in patients with atopic eczema (AE).Objective:  The prevalence and agreement with clinical history and specific IgE (sIgE) of positive APT reactions was investigated in six European countries using a standardized method.Methods:  A total of 314 patients with AE in remission were tested in 12 study centers on clinically uninvolved, non-abraded back skin with 200 index of reactivity (IR)/g of house dust mite Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, cat dander, grass, and birch pollen allergen extracts with defined major allergen contents in petrolatum. Extracts of egg white, celery and wheat flour with defined protein content were also patch tested. APT values were evaluated at 24, 48, and 72 h according to the European Task Force on Atopic Dermatitis (ETFAD) guidelines. In addition, skin-prick test (SPT) and sIgE and a detailed history on allergen-induced eczema flares were obtained.Results:  Previous eczema flares, after contact with specific allergens, were reported in 1% (celery) to 34% (D. pteronyssinus) of patients. The frequency of clear-cut positive APT reactions ranged from 39% with D. pteronyssinus to 9% with celery. All ETFAD intensities occured after 48 and 72 h. Positive SPT (16–57%) and elevated sIgE (19–59%) results were more frequent. Clear-cut positive APT with all SPT and sIgE testing negative was seen in 7% of the patients, whereas a positive APT without SPT or sIgE for the respective allergen was seen in 17% of the patients. APT, SPT and sIgE results showed significant agreement with history for grass pollen and egg white (two-sided Pr 〉 |Z| ≤ 0.01). In addition, SPT and sIgE showed significant agreement with history for the other aeroallergens. With regard to clinical history, the APT had a higher specificity (64–91% depending on the allergen) than SPT (50–85%) or sIgE (52–85%). Positive APT were associated with longer duration of eczema flares and showed regional differences. In 10 non-atopic controls, no positive APT reaction was seen.Conclusion:  Aeroallergens and food allergens are able to elicit eczematous skin reactions after epicutaneous application. As no gold standard for aeroallergen provocation in AE exists, the relevance of aeroallergens for AE flares may be evaluated by APT in addition to SPT and sIgE. The data may contribute to the international standardization of the APT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00556.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Birch pollen-related food as a provocation factor of allergic symptoms in children with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 59 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Food allergy to cow's milk or hen's egg is a common problem in children with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) but the role of birch pollen-related food for the induction of allergic symptoms is still not clear.Patients/methods:  Twelve children (median age 5 years) with AEDS underwent an oral challenge with those birch pollen-related foods which were reported to induce no immediate symptoms, but were consumed on a regular basis. Total IgE and specific IgE to birch pollen, Bet v 1/2 and various birch pollen-related foods were determined.Results:  Seven of 12 children showed immediate and/or late eczematous reactions upon ingestion of birch pollen-related foodstuff. Four children showed a worsening of eczema 24 h upon oral challenge with a significant difference in SCORAD before and after challenge. There were no differences in terms of total IgE or birch pollen-specific IgE between children with a late eczematous response and non-reacting children.Conclusions:  Birch pollen-related food may induce allergic symptoms in children with AEDS who exhibit a sensitization to birch pollen. Oral challenge tests should be performed in those children who suffer from severe AEDS and who are highly sensitized to birch pollen allergens even in the absence of a history suggestive of food allergy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2004.00493.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-IL-5 recombinant humanized monoclonal antibody (Mepolizumab) for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 60 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Eosinophils may play an important role in the pathogenesis of atopic dermatitis (AD). Interleukin-5 is essential for eosinophil growth, differentiation and migration. A monoclonal antibody to human interleukin-5 (mepolizumab) was developed for atopic diseases. This study was designed to study the effect of mepolizumab in AD.Methods:  Two single doses of 750 mg mepolizumab, given 1 week apart, were studied in patients with moderate to severe AD using a randomized, placebo-controlled parallel group design. The primary endpoint of ‘success’ to treatment was defined as the percentage of patients with at least ‘marked improvement’ after 2 weeks as assessed by the Physician's Global Assessment of Improvement (PGA). Furthermore, SCORing AD (SCORAD), pruritus scoring, number of blood eosinophils and serum thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC) values served as secondary endpoints. Fluticason propionate cream 0.05%, once daily could be used as rescue medication from day 16 if no improvement was recorded.Results:  Eighteen patients received mepolizumab and 22 placebo treatment. Peripheral blood eosinophil numbers were significantly reduced in the treatment group compared with placebo (P 〈 0.05). No clinical success was reached by PGA assessment (P = 0.115), SCORAD (P = 0.293), pruritus scoring and TARC values in the mepolizumab-treated group compared with placebo. However, modest improvement (〈50% improvement) assessed by PGA was scored significantly more in the mepolizumab-treated group compared with placebo (P 〈 0.05).Conclusion:  Two single doses of 750 mg mepolizumab did not result in clinical success in patients with AD, despite a significant decrease in peripheral blood eosinophils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.2005.00791.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Verdeckte Ausbringung von Rodentiziden in Köderstationen zur Abwehr von Mäuseschäden in Forstkulturen (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of pest science 61 (1988), S. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1612-4766
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung In einem Ringversuch, an dem verschiedene Forschungsinstitutionen teilnahmen, wurden die Vor- und Nachteile der offenen und verdeckten Ausbringung von Rodentiziden in Forstkulturen zur Abwehr von Mäuseschäden eingehender untersucht. Verwendet wurden die derzeit verfügbaren Ködermittel Lepit®-Forstpellet (blaugefärbtes wachshaltiges Granulat auf der Basis von Pektin mit 0,0075% Chlorphacinon), Arrex®-E-Köder (eingesiegelte Sonnenblumenkerne mit 3,75% Zinkphosphid) und Arrex®-M-Köder klein (Ködermehlplättchen mit 2% Zinkphosphid). Diese Ködermittel wurden, wie bisher üblich, breitwürfig bzw. offen in Kulturen ausgestreut (Flächen VM), oder verdeckt und konzentriert in Köderstationen ausgelegt (Flächen PM). Eine unbehandelte Fläche (UB) diente zur Kontrolle. Als Köderstationen dienten an der Niedersächsischen FVA entwickelte Kunststoffbehälter mit Ventilverschluß. Die Dichte schädlicher Mäuse wurde bei der verdeckten Auslegung zunächst etwa im gleichen Ausmaß reduziert wie beim breitwürfigen Ausstreuen. Bei der verdeckten Auslegung wurde jedoch wesentlich weniger Mittel benötigt, insbesondere bei der Verwendung von Antikoagulantien (Lepit®-Forstpellet), nämlich nur etwa 2–4 kg/ha gegenüber 15 kg/ha bei breitwürfiger Ausbringung. Zinkphosphidhaltige Köder waren allgemein nicht gut geeignet für die Köderstationen, weil sie in Behältern einen abweisenden Geruch entwickeln. Köderstationen eröffnen die Möglichkeit, Kulturen nachhaltig über den ganzen Winter hinweg zu schützen. Außerdem können attraktivere Ködermittel und Lockstoffe eingesetzt werden. Eine Gefährdung von Nicht-Zielorganismen ist bei der Verwendung entsprechend sicherer Behälter weitgehend ausgeschlossen.
    Notes: Abstract The Common Vole (Microtus agrestis) and the Redbacked Vole (Clethrionomys glareolus) can cause severe damages in forest plantations. Different application techniques of rodenticides to control these harmful rodents were tested by several institutions of plant protection in the Federal Republic of Germany. The following registered baits were used: A bluestained pectin-wax pellet containing 0.0075% Chlorphacinon (Lepit®-Forstpellet), small flour-plates (Arrex®-M-Köder klein) and sunflower kernels coated with plastique-foil (Arrex®-E-Köder) both incorporated with 2% resp. 3.75% zinc-phosphide. In 1985 disperse spraying versus concentrated offering of the baits in 12 earthenware pipes/ha was tested. The density of mice and voles could be reduced nearly to the same level with both methods. However, the amount of baits needed was much less when bait stations were used. In 1986 a new and save type of bait station (Theyson-Köder-station) was tested, from which non-target animals cannot get baits. The acceptance of the bait station could be improved by aromatic compounds from apples. According to the obtained first results forest plantations can be protected during the whole wintertime against vole-damages by means of bait stations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01903127
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anwendung der Endochronentheorie auf Salzgestein (1981)
    Springer
    Rock mechanics and rock engineering 13 (1981), S. 131-143 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-453X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying , Geosciences
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Use of the Endochronic Theory on Rock Salt On the basis of the endochronic theory a material model which can describe the behavior of rock salt is developed. This study presents and follows in a modified form the earlier work of Valanis in metals and Bazant-Bhat in concrete. The deformation characteristics of rock salt, subject to extensive creep, are described and explained by an analogous rheological model. This model is used to determine the material functions and constants for the endochronic formulation. The material law is written in tensor form and keys for its use in a computer program are supplied.
    Abstract: Résumé Mise en application de la théorie d'endochrones au niveau de la roche saline A partir de la théorie d'endochrones, l'on développe une loi des matières pouvant décrire le comportement de la roche saline. Dans cette optique, l'on présente les conceptions de base de cette théorie générale, telles qu'elles ont été développées par Valanis pour les métaux et par Bazant-Bhat pour le béton. Le comportement de déformation de la roche saline, caractérisé par une tendance marquée à ramper, est explicité et décrit à l'aide d'un modèle rhéologique. Le modèle rhéologique sert à la détermination des fonctions et constantes de matières, se trouvant dans la formulation d'endochrones. La loi des matières est formulée de facon tensorielle et l'on donne des instructions quant à son application au niveau des ordinateurs.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Anwendung der Endochronentheorie auf Salzgestein Es wird ein Stoffgesetz auf Grundlage der Endochronentheorie entwickelt, mit dem das Materialverhalten von Salzgestein beschrieben werden kann. Dafür werden die grundlegenden Vorstellungen dieser allgemeinen Theorie vorgestellt, wie sie von Valanis für Metalle und von Bazant-Bhat für Beton entwickelt wurde. Das Verformungsverhalten von Salzgestein, das durch eine ausgeprägte Kriechneigung geprägt ist, wird erläutert und durch ein rheologisches Modell beschrieben. Das rheologische Modell dient zur Bestimmung der in der Endochronenformulierung vorhandenen Materialfunktionen und Materialkonstanten. Das Stoffgesetz wird in tensorieller Weise formuliert, und es werden Hinweise für seinen Einbau in numerische Rechenmodelle gegeben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01239034
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Off-diagonal long-range order in Little's model (1972)
    Springer
    Journal of low temperature physics 7 (1972), S. 119-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7357
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Various authors have shown, using nonrigorous arguments, that the one-dimensional model of Little cannot exhibit off-diagonal long-range order (ODLRO) at nonzero temperatures. Hohenberg has proven that ODLRO cannot exist at nonzero temperatures in any one- or two-dimensionalhomogeneous system. Bychkovet al. have shown that the nonhomogeneity in the Little model may produce peculiar forms of ODLRO. Using Bogoliubov's inequality, we prove that such ODLRO vanishes at nonzero temperatures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00629123
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