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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunoelectron microscopy ; Tubulin ; Microtubule-associated protein ; Cerebral ischemia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Differential vulnerability of microtubule components to cerebral ischemia has been reported previously. We investigated the disintegration of microtubules using immunoelectron microscopy for α-tubulin and microtubule-associated protein 1A and 2 (MAP1A and 2). Mongolian gerbils were subjected to bilateral carotid occlusion for 10 to 30 min and reperfusion for up to 72h following ischemia for 10 min. After ischemia for 10 min, some dendrites in the stratum moleculare of the subiculum-CA1 region lost immunoreaction products for α-tubulin and MAPs. Loss of the reaction products spread to the medial CA1 region during progressive ischemia for 30 min. In some dendrites, electron-dense precipitates for MAPs were dispersed in the dendritic cytoplasm with little reaction product on microtubules and without alteration of the reaction for α-tubulin. After recirculation, loss of electron-dense precipitates for α-tubulin and MAPs, as well as disintegration of microtubules, propagated further to the medial CA1 region and to the proximal dendrites. The present study demonstrated prompt disintegration of microtubules with rapid disappearance of the reaction for MAPs which seemed to be caused by detachment of MAPs from the microtubule cores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 12 (1969), S. 62-67 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebrosides ; Sulphatides ; Nervonic Acid ; Oedema ; Demyelination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Fettsäurezusammensetzung der Cerebroside und Sulfatide in ödematösen Gebieten des Marklagers von drei Gehirnen bei Hirngeschwülsten wurde untersucht und mit entsprechenden normalen Gebieten verglichen. Es bestand eine Verminderung der C 24-nicht-hydroxylierten Fettsäurereste der Cerebroside. Die Ergebnisse werden mit früheren Lipiduntersuchungen bei Hirnödem sowie der Fettsäurezusammensetzung bei verschiedenen Erkrankungen des ZNS verglichen. Es ist wahrscheinlich, daß diese Befunde den frühen Stadien sekundärer Entmarkung entsprechen.
    Notes: Summary The fatty acid composition of cerebrosides and sulphatides has been investigated in the oedematous areas of the white matter of three brains associated with cerebral tumour and compared with corresponding normal areas. There was a decrease in C24 non-hydroxy fatty acids of cerebrosides. The results have been correlated with previously reported lipid studies of cerebral oedema and fatty acid composition in various disease processes of the central nervous system. It would seem probable that these results are a reflection of early stages in secondary demyelination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Delayed neuronal death ; Gerbil ; Hippocampus ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural damage leading to delayed neuronal death was investigated in the mid-CA1 region of the hippocampus from the stratum (str.) moleculare to oriens after transient bilateral forebrain ischemia in Mongolian gerbils. After ischemia for 5 min without recirculation, mild swelling of the peripheral part of the apical and basal dendrites was already apparent in the str. moleculare and str. oriens. Mitochondria in the dendrites were also swollen in the same area. During recirculation for 12 h to 3 days, swelling of the dendritic cytoplasm persisted with formation of microvacuoles, but swelling of mitochondria receded. Microvacuolation and loss of microtubules were also observed in the proximal part of the dendrites during this period, and swelling and disruption of internal cristae were observed in mitochondria after recirculation for 3 days. The dendrites became severely degenerated after recirculation for 4 days. In the pyramidal cell bodies, no abnormality was observed at the end of ischemia for 5 min, but disaggregation of polyribosomes and swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum were observed 12 h after recirculation. Proliferation of the endoplasmic reticulum in parallel arrays occurred after recirculation for 1 day and persisted. Severe degeneration of the pyramidal cell bodies was obvious after recirculation for 4 days. The findings observed in the present investigation suggested that the neuronal structure most vulnerable to ischemia was the peripheral part of the dendrites and postischemic neuronal damage occurred early in this part of the dendrites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 499-505 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Gerbil ; Immunohis-tochemistry ; Microtubule-associated proteins ; Tubulin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Differential vulnerability of the major components of microtubules was examined in ischemic gerbil brains by a light microscopic, immunohisto-chemical method using monoclonal antibodies for microtubule-associated protein (MAP) 1A and MAP2, polyclonal antibody for MAP1 and 2 as well as monoclonal antibody for α-tubulin. Progressive cerebral ischemia during unilateral carotid occlusion for 5, 15 and 120 min and reperfusion for 3, 12 and 48 h following bilateral carotid occlusion for 10 min were studied. Ischemic lesions in the subiculum-CA1 region were visualized by all antibodies after ischemia for 5 min but the antibody for α-tubulin was less sensitive. The antibody for α-tubulin was also less sensitive than antibodies for MAPs for detection of early postischemic lesions. Differential sensitivity was also observed in the cerebral cortex and other brain regions. Microtubules in myelinated axons were more stable than those in dendrites. The observed loss of immunohistochemical reactivities for MAPs and α-tubulin may have been caused by activation of calcium-dependent proteolytic enzymes such as calpains. The discrepancy between MAPs and α-tubulin could be due to differences in affinities or topographic distributions of these proteins within microtubules.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Cerebral ischemia ; Gerbil ; Albumin ; Immunoelectron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The blood-brain barrier breaks down following cerebral ischemia, but the exact sequence of events for extravasation of serum proteins and their parenchymal distribution remain uncertain. We studied the distribution of serum albumin in the hippocampus of the gerbil brain using light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical techniques. With light microscopy, there was no reaction for albumin for the first 12 h after unilateral common carotid artery occlusion for 10 min and reperfusion. At 12 h, the reaction was weak and limited to the neuropil in the subiculum-CA1 region (between the subiculum and the medial CA1 region). After 24 h, the reaction became intense in the neuropil and neuronal perikarya in the subiculum-CA1 and medial CA1 regions. The electron microscopic immunocytochemical study of the subiculum-CA1 and medial CA1 regions revealed electron-dense immunoprecipitates in the extracellular space and the peripheral part of the apical dendrites as early as 30 min after reperfusion and in the astrocytic cytoplasm after reperfusion for 1 h. However, immunoprecipitates were not found in the neuronal perikarya until after reperfusion for 24 h. The present study demonstrated prompt appearance of albumin in the extracellular space of the brain parenchyma after re-establishment of cerebral circulation and prompt accumulation in the peripheral part of the dendrites with spreading to neuronal perikarya, likely in the process of degeneration and death.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Nephrosialidosis ; Sialidosis ; α-neuraminidase deficiency ; Ultrastructure ; Lectin histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The neuropathological findings in a Japanese male with nephrosialidosis are reported. Clinically, coarse face, psychomotor retardation, macular cherryred spot and proteinuria were noted at 1 year and 7 months. He was diagnosed to have nephrosialidosis on the basis of a deficiency of α-neuraminidase activity in both lymphocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts, and of severe glomerular and tubular involvement on renal biopsy. He died of multiple organ failure at 8 years and 6 months. There were numerous vacuoles and storage materials in visceral organs, particularly in the glomerular and tubular epithelial cells of the kidney and Kupffer cells as well as hepatocytes in the liver. Neuropathological examination revealed severe neuronal storage in the selected part of the central nervous system; lower motor neurons of the brain stem and spinal anterior horn cells, as well as neurons in the basal nucleus of Meynert. In the peripheral nervous system, sympathetic ganglia were severely affected. There was little or no neuronal storage in the basal ganglia, cerebral cortex or cerebellum, and demyelination was not found. Electron microscopic examination showed fine wavy multilamellar structures in the spinal anterior horn cells or Zebra body-like structures in the neurons of the Meynert's basal nucleus. Lectin histochemistry was positive for wheat germ agglutinin, Ricinus communis agglutinin-1 and peanut agglutinin within distended neurons. We conclude that the neuropathological feature in nephrosialidosis is not specific except for the selectiveness of the anatomical sites of involvement. It shares some aspects found in other types of sialidosis or galactosialidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 196 (1993), S. 1356-1362 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 194 (1993), S. 368-374 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    World Development 22 (1994), S. 663-670 
    ISSN: 0305-750X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geography , Political Science , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0375-9474
    Keywords: Nuclear Reactions
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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