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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of neurocytology 2 (1973), S. 1-12 
    ISSN: 1573-7381
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated large dense-core vesicles from bovine splenic nerve can be prepared at a purity comparable to that of adrenomedullary vesicles. Improved methods coupled with a short post-mortem delay of ∼10 min, from the moment of sacrifice at the slaughterhouse to chilling the nerves, yield vesicles containing 11–12 μg norepinephrine (NE)/mg protein (range 5–18) at 80–90% purity. In the upper range, therefore, the vesicles contain 100 nmol NE/mg protein uncorrected for purity, which is more than an order of magnitude higher than published values for splenic nerves from other laboratories. The extrapolated estimate for contentin vivo is 200 nmol/mg protein. The shorter post-mortem delay has revealed a second more labile pool of NE accounting for 20% of the vesicle NE content, and 50% if extrapolated to zero post-mortem delay. It has a half-life of 4–5 min for net NE loss at 30 °C and is relatively insensitive to the presence of ATP in a medium containing 0.5–1.0 μg 1-NE/ml. This rapid single exponential component is in addition to the well-known slower ATP-sensitive component, which was the only one found in earlier preparations with a 20–30 min post-mortem delay. Characteristics of the latter can be reproduced in the present preparation after an unavoidable slow slaughter, and by several other procedures designed to mimic the additional post-mortem delay.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 93 (1971), S. 2532-2534 
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Dementia ; Lewy body ; Neuropathology ; Synuclein ; Western blotting
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The identification of the α-synuclein gene on chromosome 4q as a locus for familial Lewy-body parkinsonism and of α-synuclein as a component of Lewy bodies has heralded a new era in the study of Parkinson’s disease. We have identified a large family with Lewy body parkinsonism linked to a novel locus on chromosome 4p15 that does not have a mutation in the α-synuclein gene. Here we report the clinical and neuropathological findings in an individual from this family and describe unusual high molecular weight α-synuclein-immunoreactive proteins in brain homogenates from brain regions with the most marked neuropathology. Distinctive histopathology was revealed with α-synuclein immunostaining, including pleomorphic Lewy bodies, synuclein-positive glial inclusions and widespread, severe neuritic dystrophy. We also discuss the relationship of this familial disorder to a Lewy body disease clinical spectrum, ranging from Parkinson’s disease to dementia with psychosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Monoclonal antibody ; Immunostaining ; Granulovacuolar degeneration ; Alzheimer's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A monoclonal antibody, raised against extracts from Alzheimer brain, that recognizes a phosphorylated epitope in high molecular weight neurofilament proteins and tau proteins also immunostains Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles, neurites in senile plaques and granulovacuolar degeneration. This result suggests that granulovacuolar degeneration may contain phosphorylated proteins, possibly due to autophagy of phosphorylated perikaryal proteins that appear to be increased in Alzheimer's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Phosphorylated neurofilament ; Immunohistochemistry ; Lewy body-like inclusion ; Cord-like neurite thickening
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Distribution of phosphorylated neurofilament proteins within anterior horn cells in three cases of familial and six cases of sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and ten control cases were investigated by using a monoclonal antibody. Two distinct staining patterns of perikarya were observed; (1) homogeneous pattern; either the entire or a part of the perikaryon was immunostained homogeneously (homogeneously diffuse or partial pattern); (2) focal pattern: perikarya contained very distinct, inclusion-like focal accumulation of immunoreactive products of various morphologies such as round, ring-shaped, cord-like, tube-like and more irregular shapes. The homogeneous pattern was found in all three groups but was most common in sporadic ALS. On the other hand, the focal pattern was seen almost exclusively in familial ALS. The focal accumulation of neurofilaments appears at least in part to be related to the Lewy body-like hyaline inclusion which is known to contain neurofilaments. In addition, cord-like swellings of neurites in familial ALS also showed focal neurofilament accumulation. These observations suggest that the focal accumulation of phosphorylated neurofilaments is characteristic of familial ALS, although it may not be specific to the entity. The pathological process(es) producing the neurofilamentous abnormality may play an important role in anterior horn cell degeneration in familial ALS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Olivopontocerebellar atrophy ; Oligodendroglia ; Argyrophilic inclusion ; Ubiquitin ; Leu-7
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We described cytoplasmic inclusions in glial cells in 18 patients with olivopontocerebellar atrophy (OPCA) (multiple system atrophy, MSA). These glial inclusions showed intense argyrophilia with modified Bielschowsky's and Bodian's silver impregnation techniques, and were observed in the pons, cerebellar white matter, midbrain, medulla oblongata and basal ganglia, as well as cerebral white matter and spinal cord. None of the 54 control cases had glial argyrophilic inclusions. Immunohistochemically, these inclusions were intensely labeled by anti-ubiquitin antibody. Some of them reacted with an antibody to Rosenthal fiber (RF) protein. The cytoplasm of ubiquitinated inclusion-bearing glial cells was immunostained by anti-Leu-7 antibody, but not by anti-GFAP antibody. Ultrastructurally, the glial inclusions were composed primarily of approximately 24- to 40-nm fibrils, which were coated with osmiophilic granular material along their length in longitudinal section. These fibrils appeared as annuli in cross section. Often, a central granule approximately 5 nm in diameter was seen in the lucent lumen of a cross-sectioned fibril. The granule-coated fibrils were not seen in the glial filament-containing astrocytes. Electron microscopic examination of silver-impregnated specimens revealed that the granule-coated fibrils had strong affinity for silver. Immunoelectron microscopy using the indirect immunoperoxidase techniques with antibodies to ubiquitin and RF protein revealed that the electron-dense reaction products respective to both were located on constituents of glial inclusions. Our observation that Leu-7-positive glial cells, mainly oligodendroglial cells, had argyrophilic ubiquitinated inclusions may be of significance for the evaluation of the pathology of OPCA(MSA).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Immunocytochemistry ; Neurofibrillary tangles ; Paired helical filaments ; Tau protein
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Antibodies to multiple epitopes spanning the length of the tau molecule were used to study Alzheimer neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) using immunocytochemical methods and several differnt methods of fixation and tissue processing, including staining of vibratome sections, hydrated autoclaving of paraffin sections and immunofluorescence of NFT isolated from fresh brain tissue. Smears and sections were pretreated with trypsin and/or phosphatase to further characterize antibody binding. In tissue fixed briefly in periodate-lysine-paraformaldehyde, tau immunoreactivity was detected in astrocytes, but only a few tau epitopes were detected in NFT with this fixation method. In contrast, all tau epitopes were detected in NFT in tissue fixed in formaldehyde for prolonged periods of time. In the hippocampus, the number of NFT detected in the dentate fascia was in proportion to the duration of dementia, as we previously noted. Dentate fascia NFT were intracellular (i-NFT) and were reactive with antibodies recognizing epitopes in both the carboxy- and amino-terminal regions of tau, but not the microtubule-binding domain of tau, suggesting that microtubule-binding domain epitopes are hidden in i-NFT. In contrast, NFT in the subiculum and layer II of the parahippocampal cortex were mostly extracellular (e-NFT), especially in severe cases of long duration, e-NFT were immunoreactive with antibodies to the microtubule-binding domain, but only weakly reactive with antibodies to carboxy- or amino-terminal epitopes, suggesting that e-NFT may contain fragments of tau. In both isolated NFT and NFT in sections, amino-terminal epitopes, including the Alz-50 epitope, were sensitive to trypsin proteolysis, which suggests that the lack of staining of e-NFT by antibodies to the amino-terminal regions of tau is due to proteolysis. Antibodies reactive with amino-terminal epitopes also stained fewer NFT following hydrated autoclaving, while those reacting with the carboxy half of tau stained more NFT after hydrated autoclaving. Thus, although carboxy-terminal regions are not detected in e-NFT, they are probably masked, rather than proteolytically cleaved, since they can be revealed by hydrated autoclaving. Finally, phosphatase treatment of isolated NFT revealed enhanced immunostaining not only with Tau-1, as in previous studies demonstrating abnormal phosphorylation of tau proteins in NFT, but also with an antibody to exon 2, which reveals yet another phosphorylation site in tau of NFT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 80 (1990), S. 493-498 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Alzheimer's disease ; Amyloid ; HLA-DR ; Microglia ; Senile plaque
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cerebellar amyloid deposits in Alzheimer's disease were studied by immunocytochemistry and with a series of antibodies that recognize human microglia, including anti-HLA-DR, LN-1, Leu-M5 and leukocyte common antigen. Microglia formed a dense reticular array throughout the cerebellum in areas with and without amyloid deposits. In areas with compact and reticular amyloid deposits, microglia had morphological features consistent with activation, such as cytoplasmic swelling and shortening and thickening of cell processes. In areas with diffuse amyloid deposits, microglia had delicate and highly ramified processes. Nevertheless, microglial cells or their processes were detected in association with amyloid deposits of all morphological types. These results raise the possibility that microglia may play a fundamental role in the pathogenesis of amyloid deposition in the cerebellum in Alzheimer's disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Spinal cord neurofibrillary tangles ; Parkinsonism-dementia complex on Guam ; Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ; Ultrastructure ; Immunoelectron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics of spinal cord neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) were examined in Guamanian amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and in parkinisonism-dementia complex on Guam. The spinal cord NFTs reacted with antibodies to tau protein (tau-2), ubiqitin and paired helical filaments (PHFs). Ultrastructurally, the components of the NFTs were seen as randomly arranged fibrils which were often associated with osmiophilic granules; small bundle-like arrangements were also occasionally observed. Individual NFT fibrils appeared as straight fibrils with a diameter of approximately 15 nm and constricted fibrils with a periodicity of approximately 80 nm. Ultrastructural microscopic examination of specimens stained by the modified Bielschowsky method and with the antibodies revealed silver particles and the products of the tau, ubiquitin and PHF immunoreactions on the NFT fibrils. This is the first demonstration of the fine structure of the spinal cord NFTs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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