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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Endocrine therapy with or without radical prostatectomy for T1b-T3N0M0 prostate cancer (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 11 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: We retrospectively compared the 5-year survival rates of T1b-T3N0M0 prostate cancer patients treated either by endocrine therapy plus radical prostatectomy or endocrine therapy alone.Methods: Clinical T1b-T3N0M0 prostate cancer patients were enrolled at 104 institutions in Japan. They were assigned to study 1 (n = 176), if they were indicated to prostatectomy, if not indicated, they were assigned to study 2 (n = 151). The indication of prostatectomy was based on the clinical judgement of physicians and/or patients. Those assigned to study 1 underwent prostatectomy and adjuvant endocrine therapy with or without preoperative androgen deprivation. Those assigned to study 2 were treated with leuprorelin acetate with or without chlormadinone acetate. They were followed-up every 3 months until death or for 5 years and over.Results: Those assigned to study 1 were younger (mean age 67.2 vs 75.7 years), less advanced in clinical stage, and had lower prostate specific antigen levels (mean 43.8 vs 103.6 ng/mL). Death for any reason was observed less frequently in study 1 (n = 29, 16%) than study 2 (n = 50, 33%), and the 5-year overall survival rate was higher in study 1 (87 vs. 68%). However, prostate cancer deaths were comparatively seldom (9% in study 1 and 7% in study 2), resulting in the identical 5-year cause specific survival rate in both study groups (91%). In both study groups the overall survival was almost equal to the natural survival of age-matched men.Conclusions: Endocrine therapy offers a reasonable survival rate in T1b-T3 prostate cancer patients within a 5-year follow-up. Observation will be extended to determine 10-year outcomes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2003.00781.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Early results of radical prostatectomy and adjuvant endocrine therapy for prostate cancer with or without preoperative androgen deprivation (1999)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 6 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The effects of preoperative androgen deprivation were explored in the patients who received radical prostatectomy and subsequent adjuvant endocrine therapy for prostate cancer. Methods: Stage A2, B or C prostate cancers were randomized to one of two groups: (i) group I (n = 90), who received androgen deprivation (leuploride and chlormadinone acetate) for 3 months preoperatively followed by radical prostatectomy and adjuvant endocrine therapy (leuploride only); and (ii) group II (n = 86), who underwent the surgery followed by 3 month androgen deprivation and subsequent adjuvant endocrine therapy. The effects of preoperative androgen deprivation on clinical relapse (serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) 〉 1.98 ng/mL, local recurrence or distant metastasis) and PSA relapse (PSA 〉 0.2 ng/mL) were evaluated at 2 years after randomization. Results: There was no significant difference in clinical or PSA relapse-free survival and quality of life measures between the two groups, although relapses occurred significantly more frequently in patients who had more advanced stages, higher pretreatment PSA values or lower histologic differentiation in either group. Subgroup analysis indicated that clinical relapse-free survival in stage C cancer tended to be better in patients with preoperative androgen deprivation than in those patients without it (P 〈 0.1). Conclusions: Preoperative androgen deprivation may be beneficial for stage C prostate cancer patients receiving radical prostatectomy and adjuvant endocrine therapy over the 2 year observation period. A longer follow up is needed to clarify the exact extent of benefit in terms of survival and quality of life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.00050.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical prostatectomy and adjuvant endocrine therapy for prostate cancer with or without preoperative androgen deprivation: Five-year results (2004)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 11 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: The effects of preoperative androgen deprivation on the outcomes of prostate cancer patients who received radical prostatectomy and subsequent adjuvant endocrine therapy have not yet been fully evaluated.Methods: Patients with stage A2, B or C prostate cancers were randomized to one of two groups: group I (n = 90), who received androgen deprivation (leuprolide and chlormadinone acetate) for 3 months followed by radical prostatectomy and subsequent adjuvant endocrine therapy (leuprolide alone), and group II (n = 86), who underwent the surgery followed by 3-month androgen deprivation (leuprolide and chlormadinone acetate) and subsequent adjuvant endocrine therapy (leuprolide alone). The effects of preoperative androgen deprivation on survival, clinical relapse (serum prostate specific antigen, PSA, above the normal level, local recurrence, or distant metastases), and PSA relapse (PSA above the detectable level) were evaluated at 5 years or later after treatment.Results: There were no significant differences in overall, cause-specific, clinical relapse-free, or PSA relapse-free survival rates between the two groups. In a subanalysis, no prostate cancer deaths or clinical relapses were noted in 29 patients with organ-confined disease (OCD: negativity of capsular invasion, seminal vesicle invasion, surgical margins or nodal involvement). The odds ratio for OCD depending on group assignment was 2.44 (95% confidence interval, CI 1.04–5.72), for group I, demonstrating a higher probability of having OCD. This ratio was increased to 4.00 (95% CI 1.06–15.16) if the analysis was conducted in a subpopulation with prostate specific antigen levels less than 35.6 ng/mL and with clinical stage B or C cancers.Conclusion: Preoperative androgen deprivation has no demonstrable benefit in 5-year outcomes for patients undergoing radical prostatectomy and adjuvant endocrine therapy. However, it did increase the probability of OCD, which was associated with no clinical relapse during the follow-up. A longer observation is needed to clarify the exact extent of the benefits in terms of survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.2004.00795.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preoperative Endocrine Therapy for Clinical Stage A2, B, and C Prostate Cancer: An Interim Report on Short-Term Effects (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of urology 4 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Preoperative endocrine therapy has been suggested to improve surgical radicality and/or patient prognosis in prostate cancer. Methods Patients with clinical stage A2, B, and C prostate cancer were randomized to either group I (n = 113) or group II (n = 111). Croup I patients were to receive preoperative endocrine therapy consisting of leuprolide and chlormadinone for 3 months, followed by radical prostatectomy with lymph node dissection. Group II patients were to undergo the surgery before endocrine therapy. Results: Group I patients showed a remarkable decrease in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) (mean ± SE: 41.8 ± 8.6ng/mL to 2.7 ± 0.7 ng/mt) and prostate volume (29.8 ± 1.7 mL to 21.2 ± 1.6 mL) during the preoperative therapy. Histopathologic analysis showed a significant difference in the rates of down-staging (19.1 % in group I versus 3.3% in group II), positive surgical margins (63.8% versus 81.3%) and positive lymph node metastasis (20.7% versus 36.5%). No significant difference was detected in operating features. Subgroup analyses indicated that beneficial effects were correlated positively with degree of histologic differentiation and negatively with the basal PSA level. Conclusions Preoperative endocrine therapy reduced local extention of prostate cancer, and the effects depended on histologic differentiation and PSA level. Long-term follow-up data are needed to determine the effects on the patient prognosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-2042.1997.tb00161.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural and biochemical study of benign ganglioneuroma (1973)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 361 (1973), S. 195-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Ultrastructural and biochemical studies were conducted on three ganglioneuromas to elucidate the morphological features in relation to catecholamine synthesis, storage and secretion. Ganglioneuroma tissues show striking ultrastructural similarity to sympathetic ganglion cells and neurons, being composed of mature ganglion cells, unmyelinated nerve bundles, infrequent myelinated nerve bundles and abundant interstitial elements. Distinct Schwann cells with basement membrane envelope both ganglion cells and nerve processes. Various degrees of morphological differentiations among these tumors are observed e.g. neurofilaments, neurotubules, abundant small clear vesicles (500 Å in size) and large cored vesicles (1 000 Å in size). Small cored vesicles (500 Å in size) are scarcely observed. In two of three tumors studied, catecholamines were detected by chemical assay. Urinary catecholamines were variable. Ultrastructurally most of the ganglioneuromas and ganglioneuroblastomas possess distinct Schwann cells, although a wide spectrum of morphologic variations has been reported. Since present study revealed the presence of large cored vesicles and existence of catecholamines in ganglioneuroma, it is suggested that the catecholamines are stored in large cored vesicles in the tumor, although this study and current knowledge on sympathetic tissues could not provide unequivocal evidences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543984
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spleen colony-forming cell as common precursor of tissue mast cells and granulocytes (reply) (1981)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 294 (1981), S. 290-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] KITAMURA AND YOKOYAMA REPLYWe have reported that the spleen colony-forming cell is a common precursor of tissue mast cells and neutro-phil granulocytes1. We used mice of two mutant genotypes in the experiment. Giant granules of bgj/bgj mice were used for identification of the origin of both tissue ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/294290b0
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  • 7
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    THE PRINCE AND THE PRESS CORPS: HAPPY REUNION (1984)
    Tokyo : Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
    Japan Quarterly. 31:3 (1984:July/Sept.) 265 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-4590
    Topics: Sociology , Economics
    Notes: PEOPLE IN THE SPOTLIGHT
    URL: http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&res_dat=xri:pao:&rft_dat=xri:pao:article:6125-1984-031-03-000007
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A morphometric study on the ultrastructure of well-differentiated tumours and inflammatory mucosa of the human urinary bladder (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 405 (1984), S. 25-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Morphometry ; Human bladder tumour ; Human chronic cystitis ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Transmission (TEM) and scanning electron microscopic (SEM) observations were performed on well-differentiated tumours and chronic cystitis in the human urinary bladder. SEM showed that the pleomorphic microvilli were present not only on the luminal surface of the tumour but also on the surface of inflammatory mucosa. The ultrastructure of six tumours and 5 cases of chronic cystitis was evaluated morphometrically. Bladder tumour and inflammatory mucosa were divided into several layers, namely outermost cells (S), subsurface cells just beneath these (S1), subsurface cells of 2 or 3 layers below (S23), intermediate cells of 2 or 3 layers above the basal cells (123), intermediate cells just above the basal cells (I1) and basal cells (Ba). Areas of nucleus, cytoplasm and cytoplasmic organelles, numbers of nucleoli, nuclear bodies, mitochondria and lysosomes together with irregularity of the cell and nucleus were estimated according to the methods of Weibel. A multi-variate analysis of variance on these variables showed that the above subdivision of layers was necessary for the comparison of tumour and inflammation. Discriminant analysis showed various differences between tumour and inflammatory mucosa. The results indicated that the Ba layer is the most effective site for differentiating the tumour from inflammation. Ba cells with large and irregular cytoplasm with an enlarged Golgi area, accompanied by many vacuolar structures, may be indicative of tumour rather than inflammation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694923
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies on the myosin molecule from smooth muscle (1969)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biopolymers 7 (1969), S. 99-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3525
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The myosin molecule was extracted from the smooth muscle parts of horse esophagus and purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation. The schlieren pattern of the sedimentation velocity run showed a very sharp single peak of.5.9. S (s20,w). Molecular weight of the protein was measured by means of the Archibald and sedimentation equilibrium methods, both in 0.5M KCI buffered by 1/150 M phosphate at pH 7.5 and at 5°C. The values obtained were 6.25 × 105 and 5.81 × 105respectively, for the two methods. The second virial coefficients were 1.1 × 104 and 1.2 × 10-4 ml/g. Denatured smooth muscle myosin was prepared in a solution of 5M guanidine HC1 containing 0.4 M KC1 and 0.2 M β-mercaptoet hanol buffered at pH 8.0. The weight-average molecular weight of the denatured smooth muscle myosin was 2.24 × 105 and the second virial coefficient was 7.6 × 10-4 ml/g. The values described above are in good agreement with those reported for rabbit skeletal myosin with ammonium sulfate fractionation. The molecular dimension of the molecule is estimated as the value for an axial ratio of 100, assuming a rigid rod molecular model for this molecule, both the thermodynamical and hydrodynamical treatment being in a good agreement with this estimation.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bip.1969.360070110
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