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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A case-based reasoning approach to planning for disassembly (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 8 (1997), S. 97-106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Keywords: Case-based reasoning ; disassembly ; planning ; recycling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract With recycling regulations, resource conservation needs and an increased awareness of the state of the environment by both the consumer and the producer, many companies are establishing disassembly plants and developing product designs that specifically facilitate disassembly. Once disassembled, the items can be reused, recycled or discarded. One can identify two distinct aspects of the disassembly problem: design for disassembly (DFD) and planning for disassembly (PFD). The goal of DFD is to design products that are easy to disassemble. On the other hand, the objective of PFD is to identify efficient sequences to disassemble products. This paper focuses on the PFD aspect of disassembly. Because there could be many ways to disassemble a given product, PFD knowledge is accumulated by experience. Such knowledge is valuable, and should be captured, saved and reused to solve similar problems that arise in the future. In this paper, we propose case-based reasoning (CBR) as an approach to solve PFD problems. CBR is based on the fundamental principle that problem solving can benefit from solutions to past problems that have been attempted. The technique and issues related to the application of CBR to PFD are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018500603358
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards the design and development of a knowledge-based universal modular jigs and fixtures system (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of intelligent manufacturing 11 (2000), S. 381-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8145
    Keywords: Manufacturing systems ; jigs and fixtures ; universal modular jigs and fixtures ; case-based reasoning ; knowledge-based systems
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Jigs and fixtures are one of the important aspects of manufacturing. Parts may have different sets of fixturing requirements and call for different design strategies. Although there are numerous possibilities for fixture designs, a few basic configurations are clearly identifiable. Computer aided design (CAD) has done a little in assisting designers to design jigs and fixtures, making decisions of the best design selection, and providing designers with suggestions. The goal of this paper is to develop and document the design parameters and specifications utilized in jigs and fixtures design using universal modular jigs and fixtures design system (UMJFS). This is the first step to develop a knowledge-based Jigs and Fixture design and selection system. This application has the advantages of making the fixture design information completely modular and transparent, providing better match to the working conditions, reducing lead-time, and generally providing a significant enhancement of fixture productivity and economy. UMJFS has different standard and modular elements. This makes jigs and fixtures elements interchangeable and reusable. Designing a UMJFS then becomes a task of selecting and assembling the proper elements together.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008978319436
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unerwartete und gezielte Synthese von 2-Alkyl(bzw.Aryl)thio-4λ4-[1,2,4]dithiazolo[1,5-b][1,2,4]dithiazolen (1976)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft 109 (1976), S. 3108-3114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-2940
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Unexpected and Intended Synthesis of 2-Alkyl(Aryl)thio-4λ4-[1, 2,4]dithiazolo[1,2,4]-dithiazolesAlkyl(aryl)dichloromethyl disulfides (1) react with sodium thiocyanate to give to the title compounds 2, which were obtained also by alkylation and sulfuration of 5-formylamino-1,2,4-dithiazole-3-thione (3). Probably alkyl dithiocyanatomethyl disulfides (6), which could be isolated under other conditions, are intermediates of the first mentioned reaction.
    Notes: Aus dur Umsetzung einiger Alkyl(Aryl)-dichlormethyl-disulfide (1) mit Natriumthiocyanat einerseits, der Alkylierung und Schwefelung von 5-Formylamino-1,2,4-dithiazol-3-thion (3) andererseits wurden die Titelverbindungen 2 erhalten. Der erstgenannte Weg verläuft wahrscheinlich über Alkyl-dithiocyanatomethyl-disulfide (6), die unter anderen Bedingungen isolierbar sind.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cber.19761090915
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carbonyl and Thiocarbonyl Compounds: Reactions of 4-Chloroxanthione with Diazoalkanes and Compounds containing Active Hydrogen (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 191-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Carbonyl und Thiocarbonylverbindungen: Reaktionen von 4-Chlorxanthion mit Diazoalkanen und Ch-aciden verbindungenWährend 4-Chlorxanthion 1 mit Diazomethan das Dithiolan 2 ergibt, entstehen mit anderen Diazoalkanen die Episulfide 3-5, deren Entschwefelung zu den entsprechenden Ethylenen 6-7 führt. Malononitril und Cyanessigsäure-ethylester reagieren mit 1 zu den Cyanderivaten 8a, b. Mit Hydrazinen und p-Toluidin ergibt 4-Chlorxanthion (1) die Hydrazone 9a, b und die Schiff-Base 9c. In Abhängigkeit von den Reaktionsbedingungen liefert die Oxidation des Hydrazons 9a die Diazoverbindung 10 oder das Ketazin 11. Hydroxylamin reagiert mit 1 zum Oxim 9d, das mit Phenylisocynat zum N-Phenylcarbamat 9e reagiert.
    Notes: While 4-chloroxanthione 1 gives with diazomethane the dithiol 2, it reacts with other diazoalkanes to give the episulfides 3-5, desulfurization of which forms the ethylenes 6 and 7. Malononitrile and ethyl cyanoacetate react with 1 to give the cyano derivatives 8a, b. With hydrazines and p-toluidine, 4-chloroxanthione (1) give the hydrazones 9a, b and the Schiff's base 9c, respectively. The hydrazone 9a on oxidation may give either the corresponding diazo compound 10 or the ketazine 11 according to the reaction conditions. The title compound 1 reacts with hydroxylamine to yield the oxime 9d which forms the N-phenylcarbamate 9e when treated with phenyl isocyanate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840119
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of 4-Chloro-9H-xanthene-9-thione with Tetrachloro-o-benzoquinone (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 196-198 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Reaktionen von 4-Chlor-9H-xanthen-9-thion mit Tetrachlor-O-benzochinon4-Chlor-9H-xanthen-9-thion (1) reagiert mit Tetrachlor-o-benzochinon zu dem cyclischen Acetal 2. Zur Struktursicherung wurde 2 auf unabhängigen Wegen aus Tetrachlor-o-benzochinon und 4-Chlor-9-diazo-9H-xanthen oder 4-Chlor-9H-xanthen-9-on-hydrazon sowie aus Tetrachlorbrenzcatechin und 4,9,9-Trichlor-9H-xanthen synthetisiert. Die Spaltung der Acetalgruppe in 2 mit Salzsäure, Malononitril, Cyanessigsäure-ethylester und Hydrazinhydrat wurde studiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840120
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions with 2-methyl- and 2-styryl-4-thiochromones (1984)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1984 (1984), S. 186-190 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaktionen mit 2-Methyl- und 2-Styryl-4-thiochromonenDiazoalkane reagieren mit 2-Methyl- und 2-Styryl-4-thiochromonen zu 1,3-Dithiolanen 1 und/oder Ethylenen 2-4. Letztere werden mit Thionylchlorid zu den entsprechenden Ketonen gespalten während beim Schmelzen mit Schwefel die entsprechenden Thioketone entstehen. 2-Methyl-und 2-Styryl-4-thiochromone kondensieren mit CH-aciden Verbindungen wie Malononitril und Cyanessigsäure-ethylester zu 5. Oxidation der 2-Methyl- und 2-Styryl-4-thiochromone mit gelbem Quecksilber(II)-oxid oder mit Tetrahalogen-o-benzochinon ergibt die entsprechenden Ketone. Die biologische Aktivität ausgewählter Verbindungen gegenüber Gram-positiven und Gramnegativen Bakterien wurde untersucht.
    Notes: Diazoalkanes react with 2-methyl- and 2-styryl-4-thiochromones to yield the 1,3-dithiolanes 1 and/or ethylenes 2-4. The latter are cleaved with thionyl chloride to give the corresponding ketones, while on fusion with sulfur they afford the corresponding thioketones. By condensation with compounds containing active hydrogen, such as malononitrile and ethyl cyanoacetate, the 2-methyl- and 2-styryl-4-thiochromones yield the compounds 5. Oxidation of 2-methyl- and 2-styryl-4-thiochromones was accomplished by yellow mercury(II) oxide as well as with tetrahalo-o-benzoquinones to give the corresponding ketones. The biological activity of some selected compounds prepared during this work has been tested towards Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198419840118
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of Sultones with Hydrazine Derivatives (1987)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1987 (1987), S. 481-482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0170-2041
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Propane-1,3-sultone (1) reacts with phenylhydrazine as well as with acid hydrazides yielding the corresponding sulphonic acids 2a-f in good yields. On reaction of 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene-1,4-sultone (3) with hydrazides by fusion or in a nonpolar solvent, the sultams 4a-f are obtained, and in alcohols the corresponding sulphonic acids 5a-d or the hydrazine derivative 6 are obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.198719870359
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fixed-point iteration to nonlinear finite element analysis. Part I: Mathematical theory and background (1985)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering 21 (1985), S. 2027-2048 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5981
    Keywords: Engineering ; Engineering General
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mathematics , Technology
    Notes: This paper sets the stage for the implementation of the Fixed-Point Iteration (FPI) to nonlinear finite element analysis as an alternative to the existing Newton-Raphson Method (NRM) or its derivatives. The superiority of the former method over the latter one is such that it enables one to obtain nonlinear structural static or dynamic responses without inverting the structural stiffness matrix.In the first part of the paper, a new convergence correction/acceleration factor has been developed for the FPI when applied to a single nonlinear algebraic equation. This new factor causes the iteration function of the equation under consideration to rotate about an axis that passes through one of its fixed points or roots. Using this observation, the slope of the iteration function can be adjusted in the neighbourhood of a specific root to ensure the convergence of the FPI. It is found that the optimum choice of the new factor corresponds to a zero slope, evaluated at the root, of the iteration function. The rate of convergence and the error estimate of this form of the FPI is developed and compared with the NRM. The equilibrium positions of a nonlinear loaded softening spring have been obtained by both methods as an illustrative numerical example to measure the effect of the new factor on the convergence rate.The second part of the paper extends the above concept to find the solution of a linear system of algebraic equations using the FPI. This leads to a better diagonal approximate inverse for the Jacobi iteration, or method of simultaneous displacements. If the elements of the solution vector of a specific system are all equal, the new Jacobi iteration becomes an exact method and the solution is obtained in one iteration. The concept is also extended to the Gauss-Seidel iteration, or method of successive displacements. Systems involving symmetric as well as nonsymmetric coefficient matrices have been used as numerical examples and are presented. For future implementation to nonlinear finite element analysis, the active column or the skyline (or the non-zero profile) FPI algorithms are developed for programming considerations.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/nme.1620211107
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese von N-substituierten Aminosulfonsäuren, III1) (1974)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 1974 (1974), S. 1816-1819 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of N-Substituted Amino Sulfonic Acids, III1)The synthesis of N-substituted 4-aminobutane-1-sulfonic acids and 3-aminopropane-1-sulfonic acids by the reaction of 1,4-butanesultone and 1,3-propanesultone with primary amines is described.
    Notes: Die Darstellung der N-substituierten 4-Aminobutan-1-sulfonsäuren und 3-Aminopropan-1-sulfonsäuren durch Reaktion von 1,4-Butansulton und 1,3-Propansulton mit primären Aminen wird beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.197419741111
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthese von N-substituierten Aminosulfonsäuren (1972)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Liebigs Annalen 761 (1972), S. 118-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0075-4617
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Synthesis of N-Substituted Aminosulfonic AcidsThe syntheses of the N-substituted 4-amino-2,4-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene-1-sulfonic acids 3 and 3-amino-propane-1-sulfonic acids 5 are described.
    Notes: Es werden die Darstellung der N-substituierten 4-Amino-2.4-dimethyl-2.3-butadien-1-sulfonsäuren 3 und 3-Amino-propan-1-sulfonsäuren 5 beschrieben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jlac.19727610114
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