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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low temperature magnetic force microscope utilizing a piezoresistive cantilever (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 1308-1310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a low temperature magnetic force microscope capable of operation down to 6 K in vacuum by using piezoresistive cantilevers. We use the non-contact frequency modulation technique to detect the magnetic force gradient between an iron-coated tip and the sample. We demonstrate the operation of this new instrument by obtaining images of magnetic domains in VHS tape at room temperature, 77 and 6 K. This microscope is ideally suited for the characterization of thin films of high temperature superconductors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.112103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atomic force microscope using piezoresistive cantilevers and combined with a scanning electron microscope (1994)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 65 (1994), S. 2878-2880 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate the use of piezoresistive cantilevers with an atomic force microscope that operates in conjunction with a scanning electron microscope. This is a very attractive combination because the two microscopes complement each other in terms of depth and lateral resolution, field of view, speed, and ability to image insulating surfaces. Images of a grating and an integrated circuit are shown as examples. Simultaneous operation in real time was achieved. © 1994 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.113030
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    As-deposited superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O thin films on Si, Al2O3, and SrTiO3 substrates (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 52 (1988), S. 2174-2176 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed an electron beam evaporator designed to deal with the special requirements of thin films of oxide superconductors. The growing surface is sprayed with plasma-excited oxygen while the sources and rate monitors operate in a low background pressure. This allows us to reproducibly grow films of Y-Ba-Cu-O on Si, Al2O3, and SrTiO3 substrates at a substrate temperature of 540 °C which are superconducting without the need for annealing. The resistive transitions of most films show an onset of 90 K and zero resistance by 68 K. X-ray diffraction indicates a preferred orientation for growth on most Si and SrTiO3 substrates. A preliminary measurement yields critical currents of at least 104 A/cm2 at 4.2 K for a film on silicon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.99760
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct writing of submicron metallic features with a scanning tunneling microscope (1987)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 51 (1987), S. 247-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We demonstrate for the first time that the scanning tunneling microscope can be used to write metallic features on a surface without further process steps. Using organometallic gases we have obtained features down to 20 nm in size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.98462
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Concentric tube scanning tunneling microscope (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 541-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A small scanning tunneling microscope (STM) for studying surfaces in ultrahigh vacuum is described. It has been designed to have a mechanical tip–sample gap instability of less than 0.002 A(ring) while operating in an environment with relatively large-amplitude, low-frequency vibrations. Thermal fluctuations are minimized by built-in thermal compensation. The microscope has a unique coarse z positioner, and an open design for accommodating various types of tip and sample exchanging manipulators. A novel mechanism for fabricating tips of the same length makes it possible to approach the tip and sample without visual access. Atomic-scale images of graphite have been obtained and are presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139883
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Direct writing of 10 nm features with the scanning tunneling microscope (1988)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 53 (1988), S. 2287-2289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) has been used to write metallic lines and carbon lines with linewidths as small as 10 nm. Organometallic gases or surface organic contamination can be decomposed to deposit these lines in a single step. Computer control of the STM allows precise patterning of these lines on a silicon substrate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.100255
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sputter deposition of YBa2Cu3O7−y thin films (1987)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 51 (1987), S. 2149-2151 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Thin films of YBa2Cu3O7−y were prepared by magnetron sputtering. The films were characterized by x-ray diffraction, in situ x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to determine the as-deposited oxygen content for various substrate temperatures, and scanning electron microscopy to analyze the microstructure. The orthorhombic phase was observed after an ex situ 700 °C anneal. We have obtained films which were completely superconducting at 82 K with 6 K transition widths.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.98976
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x thin films grown on sapphire with epitaxial MgO buffer layers (1990)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 57 (1990), S. 90-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have developed a process for growing as-deposited Y1Ba2Cu3O7−x (YBCO) thin films on R-plane sapphire substrates with an intermediate layer of epitaxial MgO. The orientation of the layers has YBCO (001) parallel to MgO (100) which is parallel to the substrate normal. These films are superconducting by 88.5 K and exhibit Jc=1×106 A/cm2 at 77 K and 2.5×107 A/cm2 at 4.2 K. The MgO layers may be grown at temperatures as low as 370 °C and are very stable in air. Little or no diffusion occurs between the substrate and the two layers as measured by Auger profiling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.104238
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Step edge YBa2Cu3O7−δ dc SQUIDs on sapphire substrates (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 60 (1992), S. 2552-2554 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have made YBa2Cu3O7−δ (YBCO) thin film dc superconducting quantum interference devices (SQUIDs) on sapphire substrates that operate above 77 K. The YBCO thin films are free of weak links and have critical current densities (Jc) of 106 A/cm2 at 77 K. Across the step edge, typical Jc ranges from 105 to 103 A/cm2 at 77 K and increases linearly with decreasing temperature. Typically, we obtain IcRn products near 30 μV at 77 K. We have operated the dc SQUIDs between 4.2 and 77 K and observed voltage modulation in rough agreement with the expected values. The flux noise is typically 1×10−10 Φ20/Hz, with a corresponding noise energy, SE, of 1.3×10−29 J/Hz at 77 K and 1 kHz.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.106910
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A quantum-dot refrigerator (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1815-1817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A cryogenic refrigeration scheme is presented which utilizes the discrete energy levels of quantum dots to customize the electronic Fermi–Dirac distribution, cooling a small but macroscopic reservoir to far below the ambient temperature. Several physical limitations of this scheme are discussed within the context of a model device constructed from a two-dimensional electron gas. These are explored in a simple example where, at an ambient operating temperature of 150 mK, this quantum-dot refrigerator can achieve a cooling power of 1 μW/cm2, a base temperature of 10 mK, and a cooling efficiency of 35%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110672
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