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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 102 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 36 (1995), S. 1691-1706 
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Mathematik , Physik
    Notizen: It has been shown how matrix elements of the form 〈x||exp(−iHt)||y〉 which arise when using operator regularization to do perturbative calculations in quantum field theory can be evaluated using the quantum mechanical path integral (QMPI). This technique has the advantage of eliminating loop momentum integrals and algebraically complicated vertices in gauge theories. A similar (but distinct) approach of Polyakov and Strassler has been applied to one loop processes with external vector particles and is related to the string based methods of Bern and Kosower. In this article, several features of the QMPI technique are examined. First, it is demonstrated how the path ordering in the QMPI can be handled by considering a model of three interacting scalar fields, each with a distinct mass. Next, it is shown how the QMPI can be used when the external wave function is not a plane wave field. The particular case of having an exponentially damped wave function is considered. Next, a discussion of the difference between the approach of Polyakov and Strassler and that employed here is given. Finally, it is demonstrated how the QMPI can be used to considerably simplify calculations in quantum gravity. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 75 (1999), S. 745-747 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We show that ion-damaged GaAs may be used to detect millimeter electromagnetic waves in photoconductive sampling gates. The semi-insulating GaAs material which was implanted with a dose of 1014 cm−2 protons at an energy of 200 keV gave a signal to noise improvement of about 11.4 dB when compared with as-grown semi-insulating GaAs. The improvement is in spite of a reduced carrier mobility in the ion-implanted material and is due to the shorter carrier lifetime and formation of ohmic contacts with the ion-damaged semi-insulating GaAs. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Journal of management studies 34 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1467-6486
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Wirtschaftswissenschaften
    Notizen: Commentators on the UK venture capital industry have observed that it has reached a watershed in its development, with the players of the 1980s having to reassess their positions and possibly, in some cases, their continuing viability as independent operators. It has been suggested that increasing numbers of UK venture capitalists are moving towards a more `hands on' approach to post-investment relationships with investees in the hope of improving performance and investment out-turns. Research in the US suggests that the hoped for improvement by this route is not a foregone conclusion. In this paper we examine how a longstanding and successful UK venture capitalist makes a widely publicised `hands-off' approach work -- and how their investees see the approach working. Our research supports the view that, over time, and by a process of feedback learning from post-investment performance monitoring, investees are selected that are compatible with this particular approach. Our findings demonstrate that mutual trust is one of the most vital elements in successful `hands-off' post-investment relationship building -- and that achieving this requires careful and considered nurturing. Moreover, because `hands-on' involvement can be expensive in terms of investor management resources and against the stated investor policy, relationships of the principal--agent type were kept to a minimum as far as was possible consistent with protecting investments.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Physical Chemistry 48 (1997), S. 711-744 
    ISSN: 0066-426X
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract Two-photon photoemission is a promising new technique that has been developed for the study of electron dynamics at interfaces. A femtosecond laser is used to both create an excited electronic distribution at the surface and eject the distribution for subsequent energy analysis. Time- and momentum-resolved two-photon photoemission spectra as a function of layer thickness fully determine the conduction band dynamics at the interface. Earlier clean surface studies showed how excited electron lifetimes are affected by the crystal band structure and vacuum image potential. Recent studies of various insulator/metal interfaces show that the dynamics of excess electrons are largely determined by the electron affinity of the adsorbate. In general, electron dynamics at the interface are influenced by the substrate and adlayer band structures, dielectric screening, and polaron formation in the two-dimensional overlayer lattice.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 52 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: We audited and analysed the adverse effects and safety of postoperative pain management on 2509 consecutive patients under care of the Acute Pain Service at a tertiary referral teaching hospital over a 32-month period. Our standard respiratory monitoring consisted of continuous pulse oximetry, hourly respiratory rate counting, sedation scoring and intermittent arterial blood gas sampling. This protocol was reliable and detected six episodes of bradypnoea, 13 of hypercapnia and 23 of oxygen desaturation occurring in 39 patients (1.8% of all spontaneously breathing patients). Two patients required naloxone injection and none had long-term sequelae. Hypotension due to epidural bupivacaine 0.0625% and fentanyl 3.3 μg.ml−1 infusion occurred in four patients (1.2%), all with a sensory block higher than T5. They readily responded to fluid infusion and ephedrine (two patients). Postoperative nausea or vomiting occurred in 723 (28.8%) and 380 (15.1%) patients, respectively. Odds ratio analysis showed that the risk factors for postoperative nausea and vomiting were: female gender, gynaecological operations, nongeriatric patients and systemic analgesia. Postoperative nausea and vomiting decreased analgesic efficacy by discouraging the use of patient-controlled analgesia and was regarded as equally distressing as pain. Other side-effects included: pruritus in 182 patients; dizziness in 333 and lower limb weakness in 73 (21.2% of patients receiving epidural local anaesthetics). It is concluded that a standard monitoring and management protocol, an experienced nursing team and reliable Acute Pain Service coverage is mandatory for the safe use of modern analgesic techniques.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 11 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Energietechnik
    Notizen: A systems analysis technique, called the ‘analytic hierarchy process’, has been employed to develop a wastewater treatment optimization model which enables consideration to be given to subjective factors such as socio-cultural and environmental conditions as well as to technical and economic aspects. The model is particularly applicable to the developing world. Twenty and twenty-two parameters were identified for the selection of wastewater and sludge-treatment alternatives respectively. Forty-six and ninety-four treatment alternatives were formulated as decision variables for the selection for wastewater and sludge treatment respectively. The technique was then employed to select the optimum treatment procedures.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 133 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 52 (1996), S. 2032-2035 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Quelle: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Geologie und Paläontologie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 32 (1997), S. 260-267 
    ISSN: 1432-0703
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Energietechnik , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract. The main aim of the present project is to study the feasibility of using different trophic organisms for evaluating the toxicity of dredged sediments arising in Hong Kong. A total of eight sediment samples (duplicate samples collected from four selected sites: Kowloon Bay, Tsing Yi, Chek Lap Kok, and Double Haven) of Hong Kong coastal waters were analyzed for the total concentrations of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, and Zn, total organic carbon, acid volatile sulfides, simultaneously extracted metals, redox potential, and 12 organic micropollutants. The sediment elutriates were also analysed for the various metal concentrations, as well as contents of ammonia-N, nitrate, total sulfide, sulfate, and total organic carbon. Elutriate Sediment Toxicity Tests (ESTT) were also conducted, using two microalgae (Skeletonema costatum, a diatom and Dunaliella tertiolecta, a flagellate), juvenile shrimp (Metapenaeus ensis) and juvenile fish (Trachinotus obtaus). Two commercially available tests using bacteria (Microtox Test and Toxi-Chromotest) also were employed to test both the solid phase and elutriates of the sediments. The results of Microtox test on the solid phase, and bioassay tests using diatom on the sediment elutriate, especially the former, were correlated significantly (p 〈 0.05) with a number of physico-chemical properties of sediments and elutriates. It is recommended that a combination of a liquid-phase bioassay using diatom and a solid-phase bioassay using Microtox test should be used for screening a large number of sediment samples. However, the presence of ammonia in the sediments containing a high content of organic matter seemed to interfere the detection of contamination impacts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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