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  • 1
    ISSN: 1520-6025
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 0022-4480
    Topics: Linguistics and Literary Studies , Ethnic Sciences
    Notes: REVIEWS
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 9 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A scanning electron microscopic study of the brushing surface of 17 different types of commercial toothbrushes with natural and nylon bristles was conducted on new unused brushes as well as on 65 brushes used from 1 month up to 1 year, once, twice or three times a day, with various brushing techniques. Natural swine or wild boar toothbrushes, even when new, had filaments of irregular length and diameter with deficient and irregular ends. These defective surface conditions became worse with use. Unused soft and hard nylon toothbrushes were made of tufts with bristles of the same length and diameter with cut or rounded ends. The surface of the bristle ends was generally flat but various surface defects were observed. The contours of the bristle ends of both types of nylon toothbrushes improved with use, becoming smooth and rounded. Deteriorations of the brushing surfaces of both soft and hard nylon brushes were observed at time intervals varying from one subject to another, but hard nylon bristles wore best. Soft nylon brushes wore out more rapidly.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of clinical periodontology 18 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-051X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Stages in bone formation were studied ultrastructurally after the implantation of the following 3 bioceramic powders into human periodontal lesions: (1) ã-tricalcium phosphate whitlockite (Synthograft®) consisting of particles with a mean length of 229± 87 μm in SEM and appearing in TEM as crystals with a mean diameter 488 ± 192 nm; (2) an hydroxyapatite (Bioapatite®) which consisted of particles with a mean length of 283 ± 87 μm in SEM and of crystals with a mean diameter of 146 ± 47 nm in TEM; and finally (3), a microsized hydroxyapatite consisting of elongated platelets with a mean length of 32 ± 4 μm in SEM, composed of small crystals with a mean diameter of 38 ± 16 nm in TEM. In a preliminary experiment in rats, it appeared that the microsized hydroxyapatite implanted into the alveolar region after first molar extraction exhibited biocompatibility. In 6- and 12-month biopsies, it appeared that bone formation in association with the 3 bioceramics tested in human periodontal lesions occurred through similar mechanisms at the Ultrastructural level. After the appearance of peripheral fibroblast-like or osteoblast-like cells with an interposed layer reminiscent of an osteoid tissue, collagen fibrils were observed in the intercrystalline spaces. These spaces subsequently underwent mineralization, with deposition of bone apatite crystals followed by the peripheral deposition of a thin inner bone layer with a granular appearance and an outer normal bone layer of either woven bone, lamellar bone or bone with parallel calcified collagen fibrils. These bone nodules, however, formed around the bioceramic particles at highly variable time intervals. Bone formation was observed around Synthograft® and Bioapatite® implants only in 12-month biopsies, and thicker layers of peripheral bone were observed with the latter hydroxyapatite implant. With microsized hydroxyapatite, a significant amount of peripheral bone formation had already occurred by 6 months, strongly suggesting an important effect of crystal size on bone formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A randomized, double blind clinical trial of the caries inhibition effects of dentifrices containing respectively monofluorophosphate and amine fluoride was performed. A third control group used a toothpaste without fluoride. A total number of 2008 schoolchildren ranging in age from 6 lo 8 years and living in Strasbourg (France) participated in this study. After a baseline examination three groups were constructed with the block randomization technic. The caries inhibition effects of the three dental pastes were compared after 3 years of unsupervised use. The monofluorophosphate dentifrice showed a reduction of 7.02% for DMFT, 5. J 7% for DMFS and 25 26% for the df rate. The reduction of amine fluoride dentifrice caries was respectively 21.62% for DMFT, 20.94% for DMFS and 48.66% for the df rate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Community dentistry and oral epidemiology 5 (1977), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0528
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: abstract The oral conditions of 1,993 young adults, 16–30 years old, constituting a statistically representative random sample of the population of Strasbourg, were studied. Plaque, calculus, and gingival indices were determined as well as DMFT and DMFS caries indices. All these indices showed a highly statistically significant linear correlation with age. Sex had a significant influence on caries indices but not on plaque, calculus, or gingival indices. Socioprofessional conditions had a very significant influence on caries and gingival indices but not much en plaque index and not at all on calculus index.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 7 (1972), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: An ultrastructural study on human gingival fluid made it possible to localize acid phosphatase in polymorphonuclear leucocytes, bacteria and to a lesser degree in histiocytes. The polymorphonuclear leucocytes with autophagic bodies, and the histocytes contained intact and ruptured lysosomes as well as phagocytic vacuoles with engulfed bacteria. The surface of leucocyte cell membranes sometimes presented a positive enzymatic reaction. Large bodies, rich in acid phosphatase were observed in mast cells. In the epithelial cells scattered fine lead precipitates were noted and the epithelial nuclei sometimes reacted positively. In Gram positive bacteria, acid phosphatase was localized between the cytoplasmic membrane and the cell wall, whereas in Gram negative bacteria a positive reaction was observed in the outer layers of the cell wall. Bacteria without cell walls were surrounded by a lead precipitate. In addition, lead stainings were located in the bacterial cytoplasm. The major acid phosphatase activity seemed to be related to the leucocytes and the micro-organisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 15 (1980), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The presence of bacteria in the apical wall of periodontal pockets has been observed in 8 cases of advanced human chronic periodontitis out of a total of 14 patients studied. The apical junctional epithelium and the underlying connective tissue were removed under general anesthesia. Filaments, rodshaped and coccoid microorganisms with predominant Gram-negative cell walls were observed in the enlarged epithelial intercellular spaces. In the connective tissue, these microorganisms were found among badly damaged cellular fragments and collagen fibrils. Between the apical sub-gingival plaque and the junctional epithelium of the pocket wall, several layers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were observed with numerous phagosomes showing engulfed bacteria. Bacterial invasion of the apical wall of the pockets is possible in the final stages of human chronic periodontitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 13 (1978), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In advanced cases of human periodontitis with pocket depths over 4 mm, severe tooth mobility and bone loss involving approximately two-thirds of the alvelor height as assessed radiographyically, numerous Gram negative and Gram postitive filamentous, rodshaped, and coccoid bacteria were seen inflitrating the periodontal ligament, coming into close contact with the alveolar bone surface and even invading superfical osteocyte lacunae. Typical bone resporption occured along the bacterial front. This was characterized by a scattered dissolution of individual apatite crystals denuding corssstriated collagen fibrils which were finally destroyed. In the vicinity of such areas, two types of calculus formation were observed in the ligament. Calcification occurred at the surface and between the microorganisms with entrapped bacterial remnants. The second type of calcification developed on cellular remnants. The presence of microorganisms alongs resorbing alveolar bone surfaces in advanced cases of periodonitis cannot be considered as an artifact.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of periodontal research 22 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0765
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A TEM study was made of the response to synthetic hydroxyapatite prepared in powder form and implanted for 6 and 12 months respectively in infrabony lesions in 2 adult patients with chronic periodontitis and tooth mobility. Round or oval-shaped crystal aggregates, ranging in diameter from 1 to 20 μm, were surrounded by connective tissue free of inflammatory cells. The aggregates were made up of loosely-packed individual synthetic hydroxyapatite crystals, with a mean diameter of 128.12±14.57 nm, separated by an amorphous matrix containing few collagen fibrils. In the 6-month implants small apatite crystals, of a size similar to those found in adjacent alveolar bone and giving similar diffraction patterns, appeared in the center of the aggregates between the relatively large crystals of synthetic hydroxyapatite. These new apatite crystals filled the amorphous matrix progressively from the center to the periphery of the aggregate. The latter was surrounded either by fibroblasts or by osteoblasts and osteoid tissue. In the 12-month samples a calcified collagenous bone matrix enveloped the crystal aggregates. Typical osteoclasts, lacking a brush border, were evident around certain aggregates. Some osteoclasts contained large vacuoles filled with synthetic hydroxyapatite crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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