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  • Artikel: DFG Deutsche Nationallizenzen  (81)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Charge exchange spectroscopy is one of the key ion diagnostics on the DIII-D tokamak. It allows measurement of impurity densities, toroidal and poloidal rotation speeds, ion temperatures, and the radial electric field. For the 2000 experimental campaign, we have replaced the intensified photodiode array detectors on the edge portion of the system with advanced charge-coupled device (CCD) detectors mounted on faster (f/4.7) Czerny–Turner spectrometers equipped with toroidal mirrors. The combination has improved the photoelectron signal level by about a factor of 20 and the signal to noise by a factor of 2–8, depending on the absolute signal level and readout mode. A major portion of the signal level improvement comes from the improved quantum efficiency of the back-illuminated, thinned CCD detector (70% to 85% quantum efficiency for the CCD versus 10% for the image intensifier) with the remainder coming from the faster spectrometer. The CCD camera also allows shorter minimum integration times: 0.33 ms while archiving to computer memory and 0.15 ms using temporary storage on the CCD chip. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Charge exchange recombination (CER) spectroscopy has become a standard diagnostic for Tokamaks. CER measurements have been used to determine spatially and temporally resolved ion temperature, toroidal and poloidal ion rotation speed, impurity density, and radial electric field. Knowledge of the spatial profile and temporal evolution of the electric field shear in the plasma edge is crucial to understanding the physics of the L to H transition. High speed CER measurements are also valuable for edge localized mode studies. Since the 0.52 ms minimum time resolution of our present system is barely adequate to study the time evolution of these phenomena, we have developed a new charge coupled device (CCD) detector system with about a factor of 2 better time resolution. In addition, our existing system detects sufficient photons to utilize the shortest time resolution only under exceptional conditions. The new CCD detector has a quantum efficiency of about 0.65, which is a factor of 7 better than our previous image intensifier-silicon photodiode detector systems. We have also equipped the new system with spectrometers of lower f/number. This combination should allow more routine operation at the minimum integration time, as well as improving data quality for measurements in the divertor-relevant region outside of the separatrix. Construction details, benchmark data, and initial Tokamak measurements for the new system will be presented. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 28 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 1822-1824 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We report giant, nonlinear optical rectification in asymmetric quantum wells weakly coupled by an intermediate potential barrier. This phenomenon originates from (i) macroscopic displacements (30 nm) of carriers during optical transitions and (ii) large storage times of excited electrons because of a slow transfer mechanism between the wells (≈6 ps at 77 K). The resulting rectification coefficient is 1.62×10−3 m/V per well, more than six orders of magnitude higher than in bulk GaAs. These structures really behave as giant "quasimolecules'' optimized for infrared optical nonlinearities and their use may be envisioned for a new class of infrared detectors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    BJOG 55 (1948), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-0528
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: A wavelength calibration of all the detectors on the charge exchange recombination spectroscopy system is performed after every plasma discharge on the DIII-D tokamak. This is done to insure that the rest of the wavelength position of the C VI 5290.5 Å charge exchange line on the detector is accurately known so that the Doppler shift of the spectral line emitted during the discharge can be used for measurements of plasma rotation. In addition, this calibration provides a check on the spectral dispersion needed to determine the ion temperature. The reference spectra for the calibration are Ne I lines created by neon capillary discharge lamps contained within specially designed diffuse reflectors. The Ne I lines at 3520.4720, 5274.0393, 5280.0853, 5298.1891, and 5304.7580 Å are used in this work. The location of these lines on the linear detectors can be determined to an accuracy of 0.1 pixel, which corresponds to a plasma rotation accuracy of 1.2 and 0.7 km/s for the central and edge rotation measurements, respectively. Use of oppositely directed views of the plasma at the same major radius have been used to verify that the nominal 5290.5 Å wavelength of the C VI (n=8–7) multiplet is the correct wavelength for the line emitted owing to charge exchange excitation. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 68 (1997), S. 1233-1237 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: Charge exchange recombination (CER) spectroscopy has become a standard diagnostic for Tokamaks. CER measurements have been used to determine spatially and temporally resolved ion temperature, toroidal and poloidal ion rotation speed, impurity density, and radial electric field. Knowledge of the spatial profile and temporal evolution of the electric field shear in the plasma edge is crucial to understanding the physics of the L to H transition. High speed CER measurements are also valuable for edge localized mode studies. Since the 0.52 ms minimum time resolution of our present system is barely adequate to study the time evolution of these phenomena, we have developed a new charge coupled device (CCD) detector system with about a factor of 2 better time resolution. In addition, our existing system detects sufficient photons to utilize the shortest time resolution only under exceptional conditions. The new CCD detector has a quantum efficiency of about 0.65, which is a factor of 7 better than our previous image intensifier-silicon photodiode detector systems. We have also equipped the new system with spectrometers of lower f/number. This combination should allow more routine operation at the minimum integration time, as well as improving data quality for measurements in the divertor-relevant region outside of the separatrix. Construction details, benchmark data, and initial Tokamak measurements for the new system will be presented. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1489-1491 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We report direct observations of all-optical mirrorless bistability associated with saturable absorption in three kinds of bacteriorhodopsin (BR) samples: wild-type BR in water solution and dispersed in thin films of a polymer matrix as well as water solution of the genetically engineered mutant BRD96N. The experiments are carried out with picosecond pulses at 532 nm. The values measured for the saturation intensity are explained in terms of the relaxation of the excited M state population to the B state of the BR photocycle for the three kinds of samples studied.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 67 (1995), S. 599-601 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We report a convenient method to obtain all-optical light modulation in bacteriorhodopsin films using a degenerate four-wave mixing geometry. Chemically stabilized films of bacteriorhodopsin in a polymer matrix for which the lifetime of the excited M state is tens of seconds were used to demonstrate all-optical light intensity modulation. The films are observed to be stable over a period of 4 years. Due to the sensitivity of the films, small intensities of order microwatt/ cm2 are required in the modulation experiments. Furthermore the fast photochemical transition from M to B permit reasonably fast modulation speeds independent of the slow thermal M and B relaxation time. The experimental system also acts as an all-optical switch where a low power blue pulse turns on a signal red beam. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 27 (1994), S. 2917-2922 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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