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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (19)
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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (19)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 103 (1995), S. 1191-1199 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Observation of acoustics generated by a surface restricted transient optical grating can be used as a sensitive probe of interface structure that can influence near-surface chemical interactions. In this paper, a theoretical analysis is presented detailing the interface acoustic waves generated by this optical grating technique for a structure consisting of a liquid/solid interface with an interposed thin solid layer. In the absence of the layer, the predicted response consists of contributions from both the Stonely and the Leaky–Rayleigh wave interface modes, consistent with experimental observations. Thin intermediate layers, those with thickness much smaller than the grating period, were found to have little influence on the acoustic response indicating that the spatial sensitivity of this technique is not sufficient for probing the short range order in liquids in contact with surfaces. However, the addition of a layer with thickness on the order of the grating spacing affects the dominate period of the response as expected from the dispersion relation for the liquid/solid/solid structure. For these thick layers, bulk waves propagating across the layer thickness also initially contribute to the response. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 3066-3073 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A self-consistent ensemble Monte Carlo particle model to simulate the dynamics of photogenerated carrier transport in GaAs surface space-charge fields is presented. Dependence of transport parameters, such as relaxation processes, carrier screening, and velocity overshoot, on pulse width, injection level, and excitation energy is investigated and related to the experimentally observable potential drop across the surface space-charge region. In the present study, the high-field conditions are produced by charged surface states, and are to be modified by the redistribution of injected carriers. The photocarrier-induced change in the electric field, which can be measured using electro-optic sampling techniques, is found to be due to the spatial separation of the electron-hole pairs. The simulation results show that at a high injection level a maximum potential drop would result due to complete carrier screening of the surface charge field. The rate of change of this potential drop also would increase with increasing level of injection. These results are in good qualitative agreement with experimental observations. The simulation predicts an enhanced degree of velocity overshoot at decreasing injection energies and, at below L-minima excitation, a second increase in the potential resulting from the redistribution of carriers in the bulk. In this way, it is indicated that the study of the onset of photoconductivity can be used to probe such transport properties in GaAs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 92 (2002), S. 1643-1648 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Time-resolved electron diffraction harbors great promise for resolving the fastest chemical processes with atomic level detail. The main obstacles to achieving this real-time view of a chemical reaction are associated with delivering short electron pulses with sufficient electron density to the sample. In this article, the propagation dynamics of femtosecond electron packets in the drift region of a photoelectron gun are investigated with an N-body numerical simulation and mean-field model. It is found that space-charge effects can broaden the electron pulse to many times its original length and generate many eV of kinetic energy bandwidth in only a few nanoseconds. There is excellent agreement between the N-body simulation and the mean-field model for both space-charge induced temporal and kinetic energy distribution broadening. The numerical simulation also shows that the redistribution of electrons inside the packet results in changes to the pulse envelope and the development of a spatially linear axial velocity distribution. These results are important for (or have the potential to impact on) the interpretation of time-resolved electron diffraction experiments and can be used in the design of photoelectron guns and streak tubes with temporal resolution of several hundred femtoseconds. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 90 (2001), S. 5328-5334 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The unique properties of a polymer photonic crystal are examined with respect to applications as a medium for high-density three-dimensional optical data storage media. The nanocomposite material was produced from core-shell latex particles, in which the latex cores contained dye-labeled polymer. Nonfluorescent latex shells were attached to the core particles. Upon annealing, the close-packed core-shell particles formed a nanostructured material with the fluorescent particles periodically embedded into the optically inert matrix in a hexagonal close-packed structure. A two-photon laser scanning microscope was used to write bits of information into the material by photobleaching the optically sensitive particles and, under much lower fluence, read out the resulting image. Relative to conventional homogeneous storage media, the nanostructured periodic material is shown to increase the effective optical storage density by at least a factor of 2 by spatially localizing the optically active region and imposing an optically inactive barrier to cross-talk between bits. This polymer photonic crystal has the potential to dramatically improve performance further through the improved capabilities to optimize the photochemical processes and more fully exploiting the periodic nature of the information domains in the image processing. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 71 (1992), S. 1565-1578 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A recently developed class of digital filters known as morphological pseudoconvolutions is applied to scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images. These filters use a nonlinear branch of image processing known as morphology to improve the characteristics of both moving mean and moving median filters. They filter equally in both the x and y directions, so as not to introduce artifacts, and they have an adjustable parameter that allows the user to restore the observed image completely as the parameter tends to infinity. Very few assumptions are made concerning image and noise content; only the shape of typical data is taken into account. These filters are shown to outperform, both visually and in the mean-square-error sense, previously introduced Wiener filtering techniques. The filters are compared on typical STM-type images, using both modeled and actual data. The technique is general, and has been shown to perform very well on all types of STM and atomic force microscopy images.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7774-7781 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Acoustic transients generated by high-voltage pulses in a transversely excited LiNbO3 Pockels cell are theoretically investigated. The theory treats explicitly the piezoelectric generation and propagation of the acoustic waves, and their interaction with the laser-beam polarization. Expressions for the strain fields and the strain-induced change in index of refraction are derived for short-voltage-pulse excitations. Numerical results are presented for a square- and a Gaussian-pulse excitation. These theoretical predictions are found to be in good agreement with the experimental observations: The waves propagating in the direction perpendicular to the applied electric field have the largest effect on the laser-light polarization. The damping of these acoustic waves is a straightforward application of these results and leads to an increase in the repetition rate of an Nd3+:YLF regenerative amplifier by over an order of magnitude. This work further illustrates the importance of using short-pulse excitations for minimizing the strain-induced birefringence effects for typical laser-beam geometries.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 96 (1992), S. 3981-3994 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The surface restricted transient grating technique has been found to be sensitive to the Fermi level pinning surface states at the atomic interface of the native oxide layer of (100) GaAs. The sensitivity to these states is better than 10−4 of a monolayer. The grating signal associated with the surface states is eliminated by photoinduced removal of the oxide layer and hole transfer to Se−2 ions adsorbed to the surface. These results support the assignment of the signal to electronic factors associated with surface state species. The use of space charge field focusing of hole carriers to the surface has enabled a discrimination of the hole carrier reaction dynamics from those of the electron at the surface. In situ studies of interfacial hole transfer to Se−2 ions present at liquid junctions found the hole transfer time to be less than 30 ps. The selective quenching of the hole carrier through interfacial charge transfer has found that the hole carrier contributes to the optical dispersion in the 1 μ region to approximately the same extent as the electron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 90 (1989), S. 1253-1269 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The surface restricted transient grating is demonstrated as a sensitive probe of ultrafast surface reaction dynamics. Studies of doped single crystal n-TiO2 (001) surfaces in air demonstrate linear trapping processes, assigned to crystal defects within the surface deformation layer, that limit carrier lifetimes to 5 ns. Direct in situ grating studies at photochemically active n-TiO2/H2O interfaces demonstrate that the dominant mechanism of interfacial electron transfer in this system involves thermalized hole carriers at the atomic surface. The dynamics are consistent with adsorbed OH− as the initial hole acceptor. In addition, optical generation of coherent surface acoustic modes is demonstrated. A detailed theory is presented for the grating excitation of the surface acoustics. Acoustic propagation in the H2O half-space of the TiO2/H2O liquid interface gives evidence for a phase change of the water layer at the polar TiO2 (001) surface to a solid phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 56 (1990), S. 524-526 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A new method of electro-optic sampling field transients, using above-band-gap optical probes in reflection, is analyzed theoretically and experimentally demonstrated to be within a factor of 2 as sensitive as electro-optic sampling in transmission. The technique is ideally suited to the study of interfaces due to the surface selective nature of the evanescent field probe. Studies of the dynamics of photogenerated electron-hole pair separation in surface-space-charge fields at GaAs(100)/oxide interfaces show that the hole carrier transit time is faster than 500 fs. Using longitudinal electro-optic sampling beam geometries, this technique has an intrinsic resolution of 50 fs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    The @journal of physical chemistry 〈Washington, DC〉 96 (1992), S. 2820-2826 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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