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  • Electronic Resource  (2)
  • 1995-1999  (2)
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  • Electronic Resource  (2)
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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Überlagerte freie und aufgezwungene Konvektionsströmung in einem gekühlten vertikalen Kanal mit Eisschichtbildung an den Wänden ist numerisch untersucht worden. Grundlage der Eisschichtberechnung ist das einfache numerische Modell der Grenzschichtgleichungen. Für den Fall der dem Gravitationsvektor gleichgerichteten, gemischten Konvektion wird eine Verstärkung des Wärmeübergangs beobachtet, da die Strömungsgeschwindigkeit in der Nähe der Phasengrenze zunimmt. Aufgrund der Massenerhaltung kann es bei einer ausgeprägten Geschwindigkeitszunahme in der Nähe der Phasengrenze zu Rückströmungen in der Kanalmitte kommen. Die numerischen Ergebnisse zeigen gute Übereinstimmung mit Messungen von Campbell und Incropera [10]. Für den Fall der dem Gravitationsvektor entgegengerich-teten Strömung kann es zur Strömungsablösung nahe der Phasengrenze kommen, die eine wellenartige Eisschicht bewirkt.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of mixed convection flow on the shape of the frozen crust in a cooled vertical channel was investigated numerically. For the prediction of the ice-layer thickness a simple numerical model which is based on the boundary layer equations was used. It can be seen that in case of assisting mixed convection flow the heat transfer at the solid crust increases because of inreasing velocity near the solid-liquid interface. On the other hand this increase of the velocity near the solid-liquid interface can lead to flow separation in the core region of the channel because of continuity of mass. By comparing the numerically obtained results for aiding mixed flow with measurements of Campbell and Incropera [10] good agreement can be observed. In case of opposing mixed flow it can be shown that flow separation might occur near the solid-liquid interface. This can result in a wave-like structure of the ice-layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract In order to detect and locate buried landmines for peacekeeping, the Canadian Department of National Defence (DND), under the Improved Landmine Detection Project, is developing a vehicle-mounted, two-phase mine detection system. The first phase constitutes a suite of detectors used to indicate the possibility of a mine at a particular location (to ±30 cm in accuracy). In the second phase a Thermal Neutron Activation (TNA) system is used to confirm the presence of explosives via detection of the 10.83 MeV gamma-ray associated with nitrogen decay. The TNA system developed for this uses a 100 μg252Cf neutron source surrounded by four 3″×3″ NaI(Tl) detectors. Combining the use of state-of-the art radiation transport codes for design, judicious choice of specialized shielding materials and development of high-rate, fast-pulse processing electronics, has led to a system which can; (i) confirm the presence of all surface- or lightly-buried anti-tank mines in a few seconds to a minute (depending on mass of explosive), (ii) confirm the presence of anti-tank mines down to 20 cm depth in less than 5 minutes, (iii) confirm the presence of large (〉100 g nitrogen) anti-personnel mines in less than five minutes, (iv) operate in adverse climatic conditions. These results have been verified in field trials and the system is due to be fielded in 1999.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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