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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 3615-3617 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A method is introduced for measuring the tunneling of electrons between a specially fabricated scanning probe microscope tip and a surface. The technique is based upon electrostatic force detection of charge as it is transferred to and from a small (10−17 F) electrically isolated metallic dot on the scanning probe tip. The methods for dot fabrication, charging, and discharging are described and electron tunneling to a sample surface is demonstrated. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Anaesthesia 56 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 8 (1916), S. 823-824 
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Quelle: ACS Legacy Archives
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 112 (2000), S. 1489-1496 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The local environment of Cm3+ in a borosilicate glass has been probed by a combination of laser spectroscopy, structural modeling, and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. The Stark splitting for the Cm f–f state transitions is significantly larger than the inhomogeneous line broadening that results from the disordered environment. As a result, the Cm optical spectrum can be fit using an effective operator Hamiltonian to obtain a set of crystal-field parameters. The fitting procedure, which requires the use of a descent-in-symmetry approach, provides a set of parameters for a best fit within tetragonal symmetry. These parameters are then linked to the local environment of Cm through exchange-charge modeling (ECM) of crystal field interactions. Cm in our borosilicate glass is best modeled with six oxygen ions with approximately tetragonal symmetry, and at an average distance of 2.31 (3) Å. The results of crystal-field modeling are supported by EXAFS results. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: The principal factors that limit intensities of short-lived radioactive ion beams produced by the isotope separator on-line technique are time delays due to diffusion of radioactive species from solid or liquid target materials and their effusive-flow transport to the ion source. Although diffusion times can be reduced by proper design of short diffusion length, highly refractory targets, effusive-flow times are more difficult to assess. After diffusion from the target material, the species must travel through the target material and vapor transport system to the ion source. The time required for effusive-flow transport to the ion source depends on the conduction path, chemical reactions between the species and target material and materials of construction, as well as the physical size and geometry of the transport system. We have developed a fast valve (0.1 ms closing time) for introducing gaseous or vapor-state species into the target/vapor transport/ion source/system that permits measurement of effusive-flow times for any gaseous or vaporous species (chemically active or chemically inactive) through any vapor transport system, independent of size and geometry. Characteristic times are determined from the exponential decay of the momentum analyzed ion beam intensity for the species during effusive flow through the vapor transport system under evaluation. This article describes the effusive-flow apparatus and presents characteristic time spectra and characteristic effusive-flow time data for noble gases flowing through a serial-flow target reservoir system. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft
    Notizen: Abstract  The Ward Hunt Ice Shelf (83°N, 74°W) is the largest remaining section of thick (〉10 m) landfast sea ice along the northern coastline of Ellesmere Island, Canada. Extensive meltwater lakes and streams occur on the surface of the ice and are colonized by photosynthetic microbial mat communities. This High Arctic cryo-ecosystem is similar in several of its physical, biological and geochemical features to the McMurdo Ice Shelf in Antarctica. The ice-mats in both polar regions are dominated by filamentous cyanobacteria but also contain diatoms, chlorophytes, flagellates, ciliates, nematodes, tardigrades and rotifers. The luxuriant Ward Hunt consortia also contain high concentrations (107–108 cm–2) of viruses and heterotrophic bacteria. During periods of extensive ice cover, such as glaciations during the Proterozoic, cryotolerant mats of the type now found in these polar ice shelf ecosystems would have provided refugia for the survival, growth and evolution of a variety of organisms, including multicellular eukaryotes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Journal of biomedical science 7 (2000), S. 213-220 
    ISSN: 1423-0127
    Schlagwort(e): μ-Opiate receptors ; Excitatory postsynaptic currents ; Inhibitory postsynaptic currents
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Endomorphin (Endo) 1 and 2, two tetrapeptides isolated from the bovine and human brain, have been proposed to be the endogenous ligand for the μ-opiate receptor. A multi-disciplinary study was undertaken to address the issues of localization, release and biological action of Endo with respect to the rat dorsal horn. First, immunohistochemical studies showed that Endo-1- or Endo-2-like immunoreactivity (Endo-1- or Endo-2-LI) is selectively expressed in fiber-like elements occupying the superficial layers of the rat dorsal horn, which also exhibit a high level of μ-opiate receptor immunoreactivity. Second, release of immunoreactive Endo-2-like substances (irEndo) from the in vitro rat spinal cords upon electrical stimulation of dorsal root afferent fibers was detected by the immobilized antibody microprobe technique. The site of release corresponded to laminae I and II where the highest density of Endo-2-LI fibers was localized. Lastly, whole-cell patch clamp recordings from substantia gelatinosa (SG) neurons of rat lumbar spinal cord slices revealed two distinct actions of exogenous Endo-1 and Endo-2: (1) depression of excitatory and/or inhibitory postsynaptic potentials evoked by stimulation of dorsal root entry zone, and (2) hyperpolarization of SG neurons. These two effects were prevented by the selective μ-opiate receptor antagonist β-funaltrexamine. The localization of endomorphin-positive fibers in superficial layers of the dorsal horn and the release of irEndo upon stimulation of dorsal root afferents together with the observation that Endo inhibits the activity of SG neurons by interacting with μ-opiate receptors provide additional support of a role of Endo as the endogenous ligand for the μ-opiate receptor in the rat dorsal horn.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-2242
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Age-age genetic correlations ; Phenotypic correlations ; Conifers ; Tree breeding ; Woody perennials
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract  A meta-analysis of 520 parents and 51,439 individuals was used to develop two equations for predicting age-age genetic correlations in Pinus taeda L. Genetic and phenotypic family mean correlations and heritabilities were estimated for ages ranging from 2 to 25 years on 31 sites in the southern U.S. and Zimbabwe. Equations for predicting age-age correlations based on P. taeda populations from west and east of the Mississippi River proved statistically different. Both predictive equations proved conservative for validation datasets consisting of younger tests in the U.S. and Zimbabwe. Age-dependent log-linear predictive equations were favored over growth-dependent equations. All P. taeda predictive equations based on genetic correlations favored earlier selection when compared to a generalized conifer predictive equation based on phenotypic correlations. The age-age correlations structure showed stability independent of planting density and across a wide range of family sizes.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Annals of oncology 11 (2000), S. 921-922 
    ISSN: 1569-8041
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    European journal of applied physiology 82 (2000), S. 305-312 
    ISSN: 1439-6327
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Carbohydrate ; Dehydration ; Metabolism ; Recovery ; Thermoregulation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Recovery from prolonged exercise involves both rehydration and replenishment of endogenous carbohydrate stores. This study examined the influence of drinking a carbohydrate-electrolyte solution on short-term recovery and subsequent exercise capacity in a warm environment. Thirteen healthy male volunteers completed two trials, at least 7 days apart. On each occasion subjects performed an initial treadmill run at 60% of maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), for 90 min or until volitional fatigue (T1), in a warm environment (35 °C, 40% relative humidity, RH). Volitional ingestion of water was permitted during each of the exercise trials. During a subsequent 4-h recovery period (REC) subjects consumed either a 6.9% carbohydrate-electrolyte solution (CES) or a sweetened placebo (P), in a volume equivalent to 140% of body mass loss. Following REC, subjects ran to exhaustion at the same %VO2max in order to assess their endurance capacity (T2). Mean (SEM) run times during T1 did not differ between the CES [74.8 (4.6) min] and P [72.5 (5.2) min] trials. Body mass was reduced (P 〈 0.01) by 1.9 (0.2)% (CES) and 1.7 (0.2)% (P), and plasma volume (P 〈 0.01) by 6.0 (0.9)% (CES) and 5.4 (1.0)% (P) during the T1 trials. During REC 2006 (176) ml and 1830 (165) ml of fluid was ingested, providing 138 (12) g and 0 g of carbohydrate in the CES and P trials, respectively. Prior to T2, plasma volume and net fluid balance were similarly restored [CES +58 (26) g; P −4 (68) g] in both trials. During T2 the exercise duration was longer (P 〈 0.01) in the CES compared to the P trial [CES 60.9 (5.5) min; P 44.9 (3.0) min]. Thus, provided that an adequate hydration status is maintained, inclusion of carbohydrate within an oral rehydration solution will delay the onset of fatigue during a subsequent bout of prolonged submaximal running in a warm environment.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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