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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of low exposure to styrene (1985)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 57 (1985), S. 57-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Styrene ; Mandelic acid ; Phenylglyoxylic acid ; Inhalation exposure ; Exposure test
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Volunteers (six men and one woman) were exposed by inhalation to styrene within the concentration range of 20 to 200 mg/m3. The average retention of styrene vapours in the respiratory tract was 71%. The yield of styrene metabolism measured within 24 h was 39 and 17% for mandelic acid and phenylglyoxylic acid, respectively. The determination of mandelic acid in urine collected immediately after the exposure was applied as exposure test. The excretion rate of this metabolite assured the best correlation with the absorbed dose. The relative standard deviations of the test related to acutal dose level vary, depending on the analysed concentration range, from 0.21 to 0.33. Quantitative interpretation of the test is possible for styrene concentrations in the air exceeding 20 mg/m3. The concentration amounting to 100 mg/m3 (TI-V) corresponds with the mandelic acid excretion rate of 15 mg per hour.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00383546
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Urinary mandelic acid as an exposure test for ethylbenzene (1984)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 55 (1984), S. 61-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Schlagwort(e): Ethylbenzene ; Exposure test ; Mandelic acid
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Absorption of ethylbenzene and excretion of mandelic acid were investigated under controlled conditions in six volunteers, exposed at concentrations of 18, 34, 80, and 200 mg/m3. Retention of ethylbenzene vapours in the lungs was 49 ± 5%. Elimination of mandelic acid was found to be biphasic, with biological half-life values of 3.1 and 24.5 h. Total excreted mandelic acid accounts for 55 ± 2% of retained ethylbenzene. The results obtained were applied to devise an exposure test for ethylbenzene, which would enable the precise evaluation of exposure at low ethylbenzene, vapour concentrations (± 13%). Exposures, carried out dermally, gave a rationale for the exclusion of the skin as a route of entry of ethylbenzene vapours into the body.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378068
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