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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the renal effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor and calcium antagonist in hypertensive Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microalbuminuria: a randomised controlled trial (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 40-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Hypertension ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients ; microalbuminuria ; kidney function ; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ; calcium antagonist ; diabetic nephropathy ; antihypertensive therapy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Seven of eight hypertensive Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with microalbuminuria completed a randomised crossover trial to compare the renal effects of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (enalapril) and calcium antagonist (nicardipine). Four-week fixed oral maintenance dosages of enalapril (10–20 mg/day) and nicardipine (60–120 mg/day) significantly (p〈0.05) lowered the systolic and diastolic blood pressures without altering renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and filtration fraction. Both drugs significantly reduced (p〈0.05) urinary albumin excretion rate and fractional clearance of albumin to similar extents. Total renal vascular resistance decreased significantly by nicardipine (p〈0.05) and non-significantly by enalapril. Plasma osmotic pressure, plasma aldosterone concentration, total serum protein concentration, serum electrolytes and HbA1c remained unchanged by these drugs, whereas plasma renin activity was significantly higher (p〈0.05) in the enalapril than in the control and nicardipine phases. These results suggest that both drugs have similar renal function preserving effects with a concomitant hypotensive action in hypertensive Type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria, and that the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor may not have advantageous renal effects when compared to the calcium antagonist and vice versa. Both drugs might be useful for treatment of high blood pressure in hypertensive diabetic patients, if long-term studies of these drugs can be shown to benefit the patients over other conventional antihypertensive therapies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00265402
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enalapril retards glomerular basement membrane thickening and albuminuria in the diabetic rat: are these effects specific for enalapril? (1989)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 32 (1989), S. 829-829 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00264916
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors represent a progress in hypertension care in diabetes mellitus? (1990)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 33 (1990), S. 121-124 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusions Obviously, the introduction of new antihypertensive drugs, as promising they may ever be, will by itself not lead to an improvement of the overall quality of hypertension care in diabetic patients. Rather, the standards of hypertension care in unselected patient populations will depend (on the part of physicians) on systematic attempts to diagnose early and to initiate effective therapy, and (on the part of patients) on adherance to agreed therapeutic procedures [26]. In contrast to the tremendous interest in new pharmaceutical principles in antihypertensive therapy, surprisingly few attempts have been directed towards assessment and improvement of overall quality of hypertension care in diabetic patients. The few available data indicate very infrequent blood pressure measurements in diabetic patients both in general practitioners' offices and in diabetes centres [45, 46], and high percentages of patients with either untreated hypertension [47] or insufficient blood pressure control despite treatment [26, 46]. These problems are most unlikely to be solved by the mere introduction of ACEIs or any other new antihypertensive drug. One may even fear that the emphasis on promoting such new, still incompletely evaluated drugs may detract physicians and patients from the necessity to comply to tedious rules of long-term hypertension care using well established therapeutic principles. On the other hand, one might hope that the present most active marketing campaign for ACEIs will foster the interest for the real problems of hypertension care in diabetes. In this indirect way, the ACEIs may indeed contribute to the urgently needed improvement of hypertension care in diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00401052
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of angiotensin II and bradykinin on insulin-stimulated tyrosine kinase activity of insulin receptor (1998)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 41 (1998), S. 741-742 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001250050979
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunophenotypic analysis of infiltrating leukocytes and microglia in an experimental rat glioma (1992)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 83 (1992), S. 590-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Immunophenotyping ; Glioma
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The appearance and cellular distribution of major histocompatibility complex (MHC), as well as lymphocytic and macrophage antigens has been studied in a fully developed experimental rat forebrain glioma. Activated microglial cells and microglia-derived macrophages expressing CR3 complement receptor molecules and MHC class II (Ia) antigen were found throughout the tumor, and with increased density along the tumor's periphery. MHC class I antigen expression was entirely absent from tumor cells, and found only occasionally on microglia. The expression of leukocyte common antigen, and CD4 and CD8 antigens was conspicuous throughout the tumor, and associated with lymphocytes, perivascular cells, and microglia. Cells expressing the ED2 macrophage epitope were almost exclusively of the perivascular type and revealed a distribution dissimilar to that of cells positive for Ia antigen. The ED2 epitope was found sporadically on ramified microglial cells. The results show that despite heavy infiltration with blood mononuclear and CNS microglial cells, the tumor showed no evidence of destruction caused by inflammatory cells. Possible mechanisms of tumor immunosuppressive activity preventing the full immunological activation of microglia and blood mononuclear cells are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00299407
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the renal effects of dilevalol and carteolol in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 305-307 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: dilevalol ; carteolol ; hypertension ; vasodilator properties ; β-blocker ; renal function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of 6 weeks of treatment with dilevalol 100 mg once daily, or carteolol 10 mg once daily, on renal blood flow (RBF), glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and total renal vascular resistance (TRR) were studied in 10 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension in a randomised cross-over experiment. Both drugs lowered the systolic and diastolic blood pressures to a similar extent without altering the heart rate. Carteolol non-significantly decreased RBF by 9.2% and GFR by 12.3% without altering. TRR, whereas dilevalol produced a significant reduction in TRR by 13.2% (p〈0.05), a non-significant decrease in RBF by 4.6% and no change in GFR. Neither drug changed plasma osmotic pressure, serum total protein concentration, electrolytes or plasma aldosterone concentration. Plasma renin activity tended to be lower in the dilevalol phase as compared to the carteolol phase. The results suggest that dilevalol may cause a greater decrease in TRR and less reduction in GFR when compared to carteolol in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. The difference in the renal effects might be due to the difference in the potency of vasodilatory properties of both drugs at the doses applied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315037
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acute effect of an alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist on urinary sodium excretion, plasma atrial natriuretic peptide, arginine vasopressin, and the renin-aldosterone system in healthy subjects (1992)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 43 (1992), S. 17-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist ; Bunazosin ; Sodium retention ; atria ; natriuretic peptide ; arginine vasopressin ; renin-aldosterone system ; enalapril ; blood pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary To elucidate the mechanism underlying the sodium retention caused byα 1-adrenoceptor blockade in man, a placebo-controlled, randomised, double-blind study has been made of the acute effects of bunazosin anα 1-antagonist, on urinary sodium excretion, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), arginine vasopressin (AVP), and the renin-aldosterone system in 7 healthy men. A single oral dose of bunazosin 2.0 mg caused a significant reduction (P 〈 0.05) in urinary sodium excretion after 0–2 h, 2–4 h, and 4–6 h. The mean values for plasma ANP, AVP, aldosterone, and cortisol concentrations at those times were similar after placebo and bunazosin, and plasma renin activity was significantly increased 2 and 4 h after bunazosin. Pretreatment with oral enalapril 10 mg, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, did not prevent the bunazosin-induced reduction in urinary sodium excretion. There was a significant positive correlation between the drug-induced changes in blood pressure and urinary sodium excretion. The results suggest that ANP, AVP, and renin-aldosterone may play little role in the sodium retention caused by acuteα 1-adrenoceptor blockade in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02280748
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Renal effects of nicardipine, a calcium antagonist, in hypertensive type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients with and without nephropathy (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 425-429 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: nicardipine ; diabetic nephropathy ; calcium antagonist ; hypertension ; renal function ; albuminuria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The renal effects of oral maintenance doses of nicardipine 60–120 mg/day have been studied in 18 hypertensive patients with Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus: 6 with normoalbuminuria (urinary albumin excretion rate, AER 〈20 μg · min−1, Group A); 6 with incipient nephropathy, (AER 20–200 μg · min−1, Group B); and 6 with overt nephropathy (AER 〉200 μg · min−1, Group C). Treatment for 4 weeks significantly lowered the systolic and diastolic blood pressures and reduced total renal vascular resistance in all three groups. Nicardipine increased renal blood flow significantly in Group C and slightly in Group B, and had no effect in Group A. Glomerular filtration rate remained unchanged in all three groups. It significantly reduced AER and the fractional clearance of albumin in Group B, whereas AER in Groups A and C was not altered. Plasma renin activity, aldosterone concentration, osmotic pressure, serum total protein and albumin concentrations and haemoglobin A1c level were similar in the control and nicardipine phases in all three groups. The results suggest that nicardipine may preserve renal function whilst having a concomitant hypotensive action in hypertensive Type 2 diabetic patients with normoalbuminuria and incipient nephropathy, and that the drug may improve renal blood flow in patients with overt nephropathy. The effect of the drug on urinary albumin excretion may deserve further investigation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02336678
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of dilevalol, an R, R-isomer of labetalol, on blood pressure and renal function in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: dilevalol ; hypertension ; labetolol R-R-isomer ; renal function ; plasma renin activity ; plasma aldosterone ; side-effects
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effects of oral dilevalol (an R, R-isomer of labetalol), a new β-adrenoceptor blocker with β2-receptor stimulating and α-recepter blocking properties on blood pressure, renal function, plasma renin activity (PRA) and plasma aldosterone have been studied in 15 patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension treated with it for 6 weeks. Two patients with apparent treatment failure and one patient who developed muscle pain and cramps, and had an elevated creatine phosphokinase level, were excluded from the study. Dilevalol monotherapy 100 mg once daily for 6 weeks significantly lowered both the systolic and diastolic blood pressure compared to placebo. Total renal vascular resistance was significantly reduced, and RBF and GFR remained unchanged. Dilevalol significantly decreased PRA. The results suggest that prolonged daily treatment with dilevalol preserves renal function and produces a concomitant hypotensive action in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. The ancillary pharmacological properties of dilevalol rather than PRA suppression may be relevant to its renal effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00555500
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of chronic treatment with enalapril on glucose tolerance and serum insulin in non-insulin-resistant Japanese patients with essential hypertension (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Enalapril ; Hypertension ; angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ; glucose tolerance ; insulin sensitivity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of enalapril, an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor, on glucose tolerance and serum insulin response to a glucose load has been evaluated in 8 non-obese patients (3 women and 5 men) with untreated essential hypertension (WHO Stage I or II) and without insulin resistance. Following a 2-month run-in control period, each patient received oral enalapril 10 mg once daily for 6 months, and an intravenous glucose tolerance test (IVGTT) was performed at the end of the run-in control and active treatment periods. Treatment with enalapril significantly lowered both the systolic and diastolic blood pressures. The response of plasma glucose to the IVGTT, glucose disappearance rate (k-value) and area under the serum insulin concentration time curve were comparable between the two phases. The results suggest that long-term treatment with enalapril has no effect on glucose tolerance in non-obese, non-insulin-resistant patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315345
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