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  • Electronic Resource  (25)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes ; hyperglycaemia ; microvasculature ; microangiopathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Comparison of intestinal arteriolar characteristics in vivo were made in normal rats, normal rats injected intraperitoneally twice daily with either 0.15 mmol/l saline or 16.6 mmol/l glucose in 0.15 mmol/l saline (total value 5% of body weight), and in streptozotocin treated rats (plasma glucose 〉 22.2 mmol/l). Each regimen was continued for 4–5 weeks before the study. Interperitoneal injection of glucose increased the plasma glucose concentration by 0.8–1.6 mmol/l for 2–2.5 h. The microvascular characteristics of normal and saline injected rats were identical. Results obtained in glucose-treated and diabetic animals were very similar and included: 1) resting arteriolar vasodilation, 2) subnormal dilation at removal of all vascular control with adenosine, 3) total arteriolar vessel wall, including smooth muscle, cross-sectional area and wall to lumen ratio one-third to one-half less than normal, and 4) capillary separation distances increased above normal by 40%–50%. The results indicate that the morphological and functional changes in intestinal arterioles and capillaries found in diabetic rats after 4–5 weeks can be reproduced in the intestinal tissues of a normal animal exposed to intermittent increases in intraperitoneal glucose concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The neutron transfer in a very heavy asymmetric nuclear system, in 206 Pb + 118 Sn has been measured using particle- $\gamma$ coincidence techniques with position-sensitive detectors, 5 EUROBALL-Cluster detectors (EB) and the Heidelberg-Darmstadt NaI-CRYSTAL BALL (CB). The fragments are identified via the known $\gamma$ -decays of the lowest excited states using the high resolution of EB. Using the unique feature of the set-up with the CB, transfer to well-defined final channels with known quantum numbers is selected using the high-efficiency multiplicity filter of the CB with no second $\gamma$ -ray, i.e. without feeding. The enhancement in the two-neutron transfer is deduced, for population of the low-lying super-fluid 2 + states in 120 Sn and 116 Sn, while the 2n-transition remains in the ground state for the recoiling 20X Pb-nuclei. Large enhancements up to EF $\simeq 10^3$ are observed. This is the first observation of neutron pair-transfer enhancement for a heavy nuclear binary system with superfluid properties with experimentally separated levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Angular distributions of the elastic scattering in the range of 30–160 ° θ cm have been measured for the systems15N+19F,19F+16O and19F+18O at three energies, the highest being approximately 4 MeV above the Coulomb barrier. The large differences observed in the structure of the angular distributions at large angles are discussed considering elastic transfer, and the angular momentum balance for the possible direct surface reactions. The analysis yields a consistent description of the data in terms of elastic transfer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Measuring energy spectra of nuclei afterγ-decay of excited states in flight the spin alignment of12C2+ states has been measured. Inelastic scattering,16O(16C,12C2+)16O and the reaction12C(16O,12C2+)16O leading to12C2+ (4.43 MeV) state have been studied. Characteristic line shapes of the12C2+ peak were observed using a Q3D magnetic spectrometer. The magnetic substate (m-states) population has been deduced from the spectra as function of reaction angle. A comparison of the measuredm-state population with reaction models shows that the first reaction is consistent with inelastic scattering although discrepancies remain. Discrepancies are also obtained if the reaction12C(16O,12C2+)16O is interpreted using a FRDWBA transfer calculation. At least 1/3 of the cross section can be attributed toα-transfer. A calculation which couples transfer and inelastic scattering channels seems to be necessary.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 308 (1982), S. 121-131 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The elastic and inelastic scattering of12C on12C has been measured in the angular range between 2.8° and 70.4° in the c.m. system atE Lab =300 MeV. Optical model calculations have been performed with Woods-Saxon and folded potentials, the ground state and the first 2+-state were coupled in the calculations. The large cross sections of the elastic scattering at large angles is related to the nuclear rainbow scattering, which is centered at about 56°. This requires a potential depth of 100 MeV at a distance of 3 fm, the fit to the data is sensitive down to this region. The calculations with the folded potential show a better agreement with the data than those with the Woods-Saxon shape. The total reaction cross section of 1,420 mb, obtained from the optical model analysis, corresponds to the geometrical value; no transparency is observed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Reaction products corresponding to the transfer of one and several protons have been measured over a large angular range for incident energies of 380 MeV and 400 MeV in reactions of86Kr with88Sr,90Zr and92Mo. For transitions with smallQ-values (total kinetic energy loss TKEL≦10 MeV) the transfer probabilities are deduced. The magnitudes and slopes of these probabilities as function of the distance of closest approach between two nuclei are discussed. The results for single proton transfer are well described by tunneling, whereas the transfer of two and more nucleons into low lying states of the final nuclei seems to be influenced by intermediate transfer steps with larger TKEL. The data give the possibility to discuss the relation between deep-inelastic and quasi-elastic processes. The deep-inelastic data are analyzed successfully by including deformations, charge transfer and statistical fluctuations into the frictional model of Gross and Kalinowski.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 24.10.−i ; 25.70.Cd
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The elastic and inelastic scattering and the neutron transfer have been measured for the systems12C +12C and13C +12C at 20MeV/N up to θcm= 60° with theQ3D -spectrometer. The angular distributions of the elastic scattering show an enhanced cross section at angles larger than 40°. It can be identified as refractive scattering with the clear signature of a nuclear rainbow.L-cut-off calculations show that these contributions come fromL-values which are significantly lower than the grazingL-value. The deflection function has a broad minimum in thisL-range which is typical for rainbow scattering. TheS-matrix is decomposed by a phenomenological parametrization into a refractive and a diffractive part. The interference of these amplitudes plays an important role in the rainbow enhancement. The spatial localization of the refractive scattering is deduced from the turning points of the corresponding trajectories; a localization between 2.5 fm and 4 fm is found. Semi-classical calculations with complex trajectories in the single-turning-point approximation show good agreement with the quantummechanical calculations. Refractive contributions are not observed in the inelastic scattering. This can be explained by reducing the strength of the conventional collective form factor in the internal region. In contrast to this the enhancement at large angles is seen in the one-neutron transfer channels where the refractive scattering is dominant. This is the first observation of such contributions to heavy-ion transfer reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Angular distributions of neutron pick-up and proton stripping reactions in the interaction of12C on208Pb have been studied atE L =101 MeV with high accuracy using aQ3D magnetic spectrometer. Angular distributions of the single particle states are discussed in terms of reaction asymmetriesA ij (Θ). With these quantities the relative changes of the shapes of angular distributions can be studied in detail. The transferedl-value has been found to have a large effect on the shapes. For the case of13C an overall description of this quantity is obtained, if a spin-orbit interaction for13C is introduced with a sign which is opposite to that found in (14C,13C) reactions. For the case of11B the reaction asymmetries cannot be described by a spin-orbit interaction. The possible origin of the spin-orbit effects is discussed. The particular discrepancies to a simple DWBA description (without spin-orbit interaction) found in both the13C and11B angular distributions must be attributed to coupling effects in the initial channel, where the 2+ state of12C and 3− state of208Pb are excited, and to smaller extend to higher order couplings in the final channel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 25.70.Np ; 25.70.Cd
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Inclusive energy spectra and cross sections of reaction products close to the14N projectile (11C,12C,13C,15N and15O) have been measured in the angular rangeθ L =1.2°–4.2° at an incident energy of 60 MeV/u for five different target nuclei (12C,27Al,58Ni,90Zr and208Pb). Two components are found to be systematically present in the energy spectra of the carbon isotopes, the first similar to that observed at relativistic energies and the second shifted down in energy characteristic for a very dissipative process. The dependence of the differential and integrated cross sections on the target mass indicates that the two-body final channels (14N,13C), (14N,15N) and (14N,15O) are strongly correlated to the fragmentation channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Keywords: 21.10.Dr ; 25.70.Cd ; 27.20.+ n
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract The mass of10Li has been measured with two different reactions:9Be(13C,12N)10Li,E Lab=336 MeV, and13C(14C,17F)10Li,E Lab=337 MeV. The mass excess of 33.445(50) MeV is deduced from theQ-value measurement.10Li is found to be particle-unstable with respect to one-neutron emission by 0.42(5) MeV. In the analysis of the first reaction a low lying excited state is found at 0.38(8) MeV. This state and the ground state can be most probably identified as the 1+/2+-doublet coupled from the [π 1p3/2 ⊗ν 1p 1/2] configuration, the 1+-state being the ground state. The (13C,12N)-reaction populates the 1+-state strongly due to a spin-isospin-flip character of the dominant part of the transition amplitude. The 2+-member corresponds to the mass given by Wilcox et al. A second excited state is observed at 4.05(10) MeV with a width of 0.7(2) MeV, it can be associated with theν 1d 5/2-strength. The second reaction is fully supporting the interpretation of the ground state doublet. The excited state at 4.05 MeV is not observed in this reaction and indeed it should not, because the reaction does not populate in first order excited neutron configurations. The levels are well described by mean field calculations including pairing correlations. The lowest resonance in the calculations is theν 1/2−-configuration, whereas theν 1/2+-configuration shows at the neutron threshold a strong non-resonant contribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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