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  • Electronic Resource  (14)
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  • Electronic Resource  (14)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Murine auricular transepidermal water loss − a novel approach for evaluating irritant skin reaction in mice (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 26 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The standard method for evaluating contact allergy in mice is the ear swelling technique. However, in experimental irritant contact dermatitis, the epidermal barrier disruption, that represents a predominant effect of irritants, cannot be assayed by this method. An appropriate method to evaluate barrier disruption is the measurement of transepidermal water loss (TEWL) but to date this has so far been possible only on the trunk of hairless or shaved mice. We therefore developed a new technique to measure the TEWL of mice ears (murine auricular TEWL: MATEWL). After patch testing with irritants and allergens, respectively, we found that the ear swelling method is most suitable for evaluating allergic skin reactions, whereas MATEWL is most appropriate for evaluating irritant skin reactions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2230.2001.00795.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Irritant patch testing with sodium lauryl sulphate: interrelation between concentration and exposure time (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 145 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background It is well known that the degree of skin reaction to an irritant depends on its concentration and exposure time. Objectives To determine the interrelationship between the concentration of sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) and exposure time in both weak (subclinical) and severe reactions. Methods Patch testing with SLS was performed at different concentrations (0·125%, 0·25%, 0·5%, 1·0% and 2·0%) and with different exposure times (3, 6, 12, 24 and 48 h). Evaluation was conducted by measurement of transepidermal water loss and by laser-Doppler flowmetry both 30 min and 24 h after patch removal. Results We found more reliable and constant skin reactions 24 h after patch removal, and a higher correlation between SLS concentration and skin reaction. Conclusions We conclude that the concentration of SLS influences the test outcome to a larger degree than the exposure time. We present formulae by which the outcome of SLS patch testing at various SLS concentrations ranging from 0·125% to 2% and any exposure time between 3 and 24 h can be estimated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.2001.04442.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nail incorporation kinetics of terbinafine in onychomycosis patients (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 20 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Patients with toe-nail onychomycosis were treated with terbinafine (250 mg daily, n= 20) for either 6 or 12 weeks in a randomized double-blind study. Plasma and distal nail clippings were taken before initiation of therapy and 1, 6, 12, 18, 24, 36 and 48 weeks thereafter.Analytical data of terbinafine extracted from nail clippings or plasma were obtained by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nail extracts and isolated HPLC terbinafine peaks were analysed using a combined gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy system (GC-MS) for unequivocal identification of the drug.Terbinafine could be detected in the distal nail in the majority of the patients within 1 week of starling therapy. Maximum terbinafine levels of 0·52 and 1·01 μg;g were measured after 18 weeks in the 6- and 12-week treatment groups, respectively.While plasma levels decreased rapidly after termination of therapy terbinaiine was detected in the nails as long as 36 weeks (6 weeks treatment) and 36 weeks (12 weeks treatment) after termination of therapy at a range of 0·–0·19 μg/g. The drug concentrations measured at all time points are well above the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) tor dermatophytes and other fungi, These data suggest that the drug readies the nail plate rapidly and persists there for several months after cessation of active treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1995.tb01353.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sign of Leser-Trélat: fact or myth? (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 1 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: AbstractA 46-year-old woman presented with multiple seborrheic keratoses disseminated over her trunk and thighs. A screening for internal malignancies revealed an adenocarcinoma of the colon that was successfully treated by surgery. During a follow-up period of 18 months, the seborrheic keratoses remained unchanged. There was no evidence of recurrence of the malignancy. We conclude that this case does not fulfill the criteria of the ‘sign of Leser-Trélat’; according to present knowledge the existence of this cutaneous paraneoplastic syndrome cannot be taken as a certain indication. Patients with multiple seborrheic keratoses do not necessarily present internal malignancies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.1992.tb00703.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Treatment options – development of consensus guidelines (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background  There are currently three main treatment strategies for onychomycosis: topical, oral and combination. Amorolfine nail lacquer appears to be the most effective form of topical monotherapy. However, the best mycological and clinical cure rates are obtained with combination therapy. Combination therapy increases antifungal spectrum, fungicidal activity and safety. New antifungals (triazoles and echinocandins) were recently developed, enabling new protocols.Objectives  To review available therapies. To design an algorithm for the management of onychomycoses in daily practice.Results  Therapeutic choice should be based on numerous factors including patient's age and health, aetiology, extent of involvement and clinical form.The consensus was that topical monotherapy is recommended when 〈 50% of the nail is affected without matrix area involvement. Oral monotherapy or combination therapy is indicated when 〉 50% of the nail, including the matrix area, is involved. Topical treatments should not be used alone when topical drug transport is suboptimal (i.e. when dermatophytoma, onycholysis or spikes are present). Chemical or mechanical removal should also be considered whenever applicable (interruption of drug transport).Conclusion  In conclusion, treatment decision-making tools (e.g. an illustrated booklet or CD-ROM presenting each type of onychomycosis and criteria to be considered before selecting treatment regimen) would be valuable supports for the successful treatment of onychomycoses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01284.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Epidemiology and clinical classification of onychomycosis (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology 19 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Objectives  To review recent data – what is new in the epidemiology of onychomycoses? To identify the most relevant diagnostic criteria for effective therapy.Methods  The preliminary results of the European Onychomycosis Observatory (EUROO) study were analysed. In this international study, physicians completed questionnaires concerning patient profile and the disease.Results  One of the most interesting novel findings was that sampling requests were often not made [only 3.4% of general physicians (GPs) and 39.6% of dermatologists]. This means that no information about causative agent(s) was available, hindering appropriate treatment choice. Furthermore, contrary to previous findings, 70.7% of participants did not practice sports. Lastly, these preliminary findings showed that treatment strategy depends largely on the type of treating physician, with GPs preferring monotherapy and dermatologists preferring combination therapy.Conclusions  A consensus was reached that treatment strategy should depend on the severity of nail involvement and the causative fungus. It is thus important to promote the importance of sampling. To simplify the choice of an appropriate treatment, onychomycosis may be divided into just two clinical groups: onychomycosis with and without nail matrix area involvement. However, the distinct clinical findings (number and type of affected nails, multimorbidity, drug interaction, etc.) in each individual case must be taken into account to ensure an appropriate treatment decision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-3083.2005.01281.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential irritant skin responses to topical retinoic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate: alone and in crossover design (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 134 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Topically applied all-trans retinoic acid (RA) is often associated with skin irritation. A detailed quantification of RA-induced functional changes in stratum corneum is. however, still limited. U sing noti-invasive bioengineering techniques of measurements of transepidermal water loss (TEWL), stratum corneum hydration and cutaneous blood flow (CBF). we quantified the irritant effects of 0·05% and 0·1% RA in ethanol on normal skin compared with 1% sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) in water as a model irritant in a 24-h occlusive patch-test assay. Additionally, in order to document data possibly related to the mechanism of action, skin responses to both compounds applied in tandem was also investigated over 18 daysThe extent of the irritant response to 0·05 and 0·1% RA, respectively, were similar, implying analogous irritation potency. While RA caused more intense scaling than SLS. other skin responses to RA were significantly weaker than those due to SLS. An increase in TEWL. on day 7. in RA-exposed sites indicates a secondary delayed impairment of the stratum corneum (SC) barrier. In a tandem-design assay, pretreatment with RA appeared to reduce the irritant effects of SLS on SC hydration and CBF. In contrast, pre-exposure to SLS showed a synergestic response in erythema, scaling and TEWLOur results demonstrate that RA, like SLS. is capable of impairing SC water barrier function, which may be responsible, in part, for the irritation associated with its topical use. However, the distinctive biological responses to these compounds suggest a different mode of action of RA and SLS. In addition, the precise reason for the unique results observed in the tandem-design assays is not clear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.26761.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of calcipotriol on stratum corneum barrier function, hydration and cell renewal in humans (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 135 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Calcipotriol. a vitamin D analogue utilized for psoriasis, has irritation as its most frequent reported adverse event. However, studies on its irritant properties in humans have produced conflicting data. This study evaluates the effect of calcipotriol on stratum corneum barrier function, hydration and cell turnover in healthy volunteers, compared with sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) as a model irritant. Calcipotriol 0·005% ointment and 1% aqueous SLS solution were applied for 2 weeks (5 consecutive days weekly) on untreated and on dansyl-chloride-labelled skin. Irritant responses were documented by visual scoring and by measurement of the transepidermal water loss (TEWL) and stratum corneum hydration (electrical capacitance), until day 18 Stratum corneum turnover time (SCTT) was the time in days between staining (day 0) and the disappearance of dansyl fluorescence. SLS caused more erythema, scaling, and a significant TEWL increase for 18 days. In contrast, calcipotriol induced erythema, and slightly but significantly increased TEWL on day 11 only, as compared with the vehicle control (P〈0·05) SLS, but not calcipotriol, caused skin dryness from day 4 to day 18. The shortest SCTT was obtained at SLS-exposed sites (11·2 ± 0·7 days: mean± SD). Calcipotriol significantly shortened SCTT (16.3 ± 1.1 days) when compared with its vehicle. Compared with the skin irritation induced by SLS, under these test conditions, calcipotriol is a far weaker irritant on normal human skin. In addition, calcipotriol accelerates stratum corneum turnover to a significantly greater extent than its vehicle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1037.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of all-trans retinoic acid and sodium lauryl sulphate on the permeability of human skin in vitro (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    British journal of dermatology 135 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Recent in vivo investigations have shown that pretreatment with topical all-trans retinoic acid (RA) may diminish the skin response to sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS). This study evaluated the permeation of SLS through human skin after pretreatment with RA, and vice versa, by in vitro methods. The permeability coefficient of SLS (3.24 ± 0.21 × 103 cm/h) and the 24-h cumulative amount of SLS (3.41 ± 0.6% of dose applied) permeating RA-pretreated skin did not differ significantly from those across untreated skin (control) (P 〉 0.05). In contrast, the permeability coefficient of RA (0.23 ± 0.05 × 103 cm/h) and its 24-h cumulative amount (0.37 ± 0.05% of dose applied) penetrating SLS-pretreated skin were significantly greater than those permeating untreated skin (P〈0.05). Thus, an increase in RA penetration was induced by SLS pretreatment; however, pretreating the skin with RA did not inhibit the percutaneous permeation of SLS. Based on previous in vivo findings where RA reduced skin reactions to SLS,8 one would speculate that RA pretreatment may decrease SLS penetration. However, these penetration data do not necessarily uphold this presumption. Perhaps, other interactions between the substances and the skin, e.g. at cellular levels, may be responsible for the differing skin responses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2133.1996.d01-1016.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fox–Fordyce disease in a male patient–response to oral retinoid treatment (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical and experimental dermatology 19 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2230
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Fox–Fordyce disease (apocrine milaria) is predominantly observed in women. A male patient with typical features of this disorder is described. Oral treatment with isotretinoin resulted in temporary relief.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2230.1994.tb01121.x
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