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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 27 (1979), S. 912-913 
    ISSN: 1520-5118
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: NSAIDs ; osteoarthritis ; cytokines ; lipid mediators
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Most of the previous studies dealing with the effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the synthesis of inflammatory mediators involved in joint damage have been done in cells culturedin vitro or in blood cells from patients treated for short periods of time. In this work we have evaluated the long-term effect of aceclofenac, a new NSAID, and diclofenac on the production of a series of inflammatory mediators by blood cells from 30 patients with severe knee osteoarthritis. Both aceclofenac and diclofenac significantly inhibited prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) synthesis by blood mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells after 180 days of treatment. However, no clear effect was noted on leukotriene B4 (LTB4) and platelet activating factor (PAF) production. The generation of O 2 − by polymorphonuclear cells, stimulated with FMLP, was decreased after 15 days of treatment with both drugs, but reached normal values after 180 days. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production decreased significantly at 180 days with both drugs in the group of high producer patients. In a few (n=3) patients with high basal mononuclear cell tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) production, this also decreased on treatment for 180 days with the NSAIDs. In the remaining low TNFα-producing patients, TNFα production tended to increase. Interleukin-6 (IL-6) synthesis was not affected by aceclofenac while it was diminished by diclofenac. The decrease in IL-6 in all treated patients was significantly correlated with a worsening of the clinical condition. On the whole, these data could afford a pathogenetic basic for the long-term employment of these drugs in patients with inflammatory conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0460
    Keywords: Gastroesophageal reflux ; Gastroesophageal reflux model ; Deglutition ; Deglutition disorders
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this paper, the isolated influence of physical factors on the development of gastroesophageal reflux in man is analyzed by means of a mechanical model. We evaluate the influence of gravity, intraabdominal presure, intrathoraci pressure, transmission of intraabdominal pressure to the high pressure zone, filling volume of the stomach, and the existence of a high pressure zone on the appearance of gastroensophageal reflux. PH-metry is used to record the episodes of reflux in the model. We wish to demonstrate the importance of gravity and intraabdominal pressure in the production of reflux. Intrathoracic pressure acts as an antireflux mechanism only when associated with a zone of high pressure. The intraabdominal pressure may be transmitted to the high pressure zone as a purely mechanical effect and the greater gastric filling volume may, when associated with the intraabdominal pressure, facilitate reflux without physical changes in the high pressure zone (the equivalent of a reduction in the length of the lower esophageal sphincter in man). We conclude that this model may help to explain the influence of the physical factors mentioned above on the development of gastroesophageal reflux in man.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Zeitschrift für Lebensmittel-Untersuchung und -Forschung 208 (1999), S. 33-38 
    ISSN: 1431-4630
    Keywords: Key words Raspberry ; Anthocyanins ; Vitamin C ; Organic acids ; Color
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Four Spanish raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) cultivars, Autumn Bliss, Heritage, Rubi, and Ceva, were studied in order to determine, qualitatively and quantitatively, both anthocyanins and vitamin C composition, owing to their significance as dietary compounds with antioxidant activity and also to the relation with color quality. Raspberry anthocyanin composition, determined by HPLC and GC-MS, was characteristic to each cultivar. The higher anthocyanin content expressed as cyanidin-3-glucoside was found in the late cultivars, Rubi (96.08 mg/100 g f.w.) and Ceva (122.88 mg/100 g f.w.). Three cultivars showed cyanidin-3-sophoroside (63.86–21.91 mg/100 g f.w.) and cyanidin-3-glucoside (25.12–14.00 mg/100 g f.w.) as the major pigments, while Autumn Bliss had a similar relative amount of cyanidin derivatives, cyanidin-3-rutinoside being the pigment in major concentration (10.53 mg/100 g f.w.). The vitamin C contents were determined by HPLC. The Rubi cultivar showed the highest amount of vitamin C (31.14 mg/100 g f.w.). The organic acids were determined by HPLC as fruit constituents related to color quality. Citric acid was the main non-volatile organic acid (90%) in all raspberry cultivars and the Rubi cultivar showed the highest total non-volatile organic acids content (2003 mg/100 g f.w.). Hunter color CIE values were also determined, showing that Rubi was the reddest raspberry cultivar.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 174 (1985), S. 257-265 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have investigated the relation between antibiotic resistance and the number of plasmids contained in 44 enterotoxigenic (ETEC) and 69 nonenterotoxigenic (non-ETEC)Escherichia coli strains. Both ETEC and non-ETEC strains were resistant to one or more antibiotics at a similar rate, but multiple resistance in resistant non-ETEC strains was higher than in resistant ETEC strains, showing a significant difference (P〈0.001) when subjected to Student's t test. Among the ETEC strains, those producing both LT and STa enterotoxins were more sensitive to antibiotics than strains producing only a single toxin type. On the other hand, resistant ETEC strains possessed a higher number of plasmids per strain than the resistant non-ETEC strains (P〈0.05 by Student's t test). Consequently, resistance to antibiotics could not be related to the possession of a higher number of plasmids. Furthermore, our results support the hypothesis that there is a generalized incompatibility process between plasmids which code for antibiotic resistance and plasmids which code for enterotoxin production in ETEC strains, at least in those strians producing both LT and STa enterotoxins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Medical microbiology and immunology 172 (1983), S. 165-169 
    ISSN: 1432-1831
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have studied the incidence of enterotoxigenic and enteropathogenicEscherichia coli strains associated with infant diarrhoeal disease in Galicia (North-west Spain). During a period of 9 months we isolated heat-labile enterotoxin-positive strains in 2.1% of children with diarrhoea examined, whereas the production of heat-stable enterotoxin was detected in 1.1% of them. Enteropathogenic strains were isolated from 5.3% of the children with diarrhoea, but none of these strains released heat-labile or heat-stable enterotoxins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 178 (2000), S. 175-183 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Key words: Aging — Skeletal muscle — Single fiber —Soleus—Extensor digitorum longus—Flexor digitorum brevis— Excitation-contraction coupling — Sarcopenia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract. In the present study we measured, for the first time, the isometric specific force (SF, force normalized to cross sectional area) generated by single intact fibers from fast- (extensor digitorum longus, EDL) and slow-twitch (soleus) muscles from young adult (2–6), middle-aged (12–14) and old (20–24 month-old) mice. SF has also been measured in single intact flexor digitorum brevis fibers from young mice. Muscle fibers have been classified into fast- or slow-twitch based on the contraction kinetics. Maximum SF recorded in EDL and soleus fibers from young and middle-aged mice did not differ significantly. A significant age-dependent decline in maximum SF was recorded in EDL and soleus fibers from young or middle-aged to old mice. The SF was 377 ± 18, 417 ± 20 and 279 ± 18 kPa for EDL fibers from young, middle-aged and old mice, respectively and 397 ± 17, 405 ± 24 and 320 ± 33 kPa for soleus fibers from age-matched mice, respectively. The frequency needed to elicit maximum force in EDL and soleus fibers from middle-aged to old mice did not differ significantly. In conclusion, the specific force developed by both fast and slow-twitch single intact muscle fibers declines with aging and more significantly in the former.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Water pore sizes ; Water channels ; Reflection coefficients ; Selectivity filters ; Proximal kidney tubule ; Single file transport
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Proximal straight tubules (PST) were dissected from rabbit kidneys, held by crimping pipettes in a chamber and bathed in a buffered isosmotic (295 mOsm/kg) solution containing 200 mm mannitol (MBS). Changes in tubule diameter were monitored on line with an inverted microscope, TV camera and image processor. The PST were then challenged for 20 sec with MBS made 35 mOsm/kg hyperosmotic by addition of either NaCl, KCl, mannitol (M), glycerol (G), ethylene glycol (E), glycine (g), urea (U), acetamide (A) or formamide (F). With NaCl, KCl, M, G, E, g, U, and A, tubules shrunk osmometrically within 0.5 sec and remained shrunk for as long as 20 sec without recovering their original volume (sometimes A showed some recovery). PST barely shrunk with F and quickly recovered their original volume. The permeability coefficients were 0 μm/sec (NaCl, M, g, E and U), 1 μm/sec (A), 84 μm/sec (F) and 0.02 μm/sec (G). The reflection coefficients σ = 1.0 (NaCl, KCl, M, G, E, g and U), 0.95 (A) and 0.62 (F). Similar σ values were obtained by substituting 200 mOsm/kg M in MBS by either NaCl, KCl, G, E, g, U, a or F. The olive oil/water partition coefficients are 5 (M), 15 (U), 85 (A) and 75 (F) (all x10−5). Thus, part of F permeates the cell membrane through the lipid bilayer. The probing molecules van der Waals diameters are 7.4×8.2×12.0 (M), 3.6×5.2×5.4 (U), 3.8×5.2 ×5.4 (A) and (3.4×4.5×5.4 (F) Å. We conclude that only F clearly permeates the water channel (WCH). Water molecules must single file within the WCH. After subtraction of the bilayer permeability of the probes, we estimate for the WCH selectivity filter cross-section a diameter of 4.2–4.7 Å (if it is circular) and 3.6×4.2 Å (if it is rectangular). But if the oxygens facing the WCH lumen H bond with the molecules crossing the WCH, the WCH selectivity filter would be 3.3–3.8 Å (circular) and 3.6×4.0 Å (rectangular).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 148 (1995), S. 233-242 
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Paracellular flow ; Malpighian tubules ; Secretion ; Epithelial transport ; Water transport ; Convective flow
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Lumen to bath J 12/C 1 and bath to lumen J 21/ C 2 fluxes per unit concentration of 19 probes with diameters (d m) ranging from 3.0–30.0 Å (water, urea, erythritol, mannitol, sucrose, raffinose and 13 dextrans with d m 9.1–30.0 Å) were measured during volume secretion (J v ) in the upper segment of the Malpighian Tubule of Rhodnius by perfusing lumen and bath with 14C or 3H-labeled probes. J net=(J 12/C 1 − J 21/C 2) was studied as a function of J v · J v was varied by using different concentrations of 5-hydroxy tryptamine. J net for 3H-water was not different from J v We found: (i) A strong correlation between J net and J v for 8 probes d m =3.0–11.8 Å (group a probes), indicating that the convective component of J net is more important than its diffusive component and than unstirred layers effects which are negligible. Therefore group a probes are solvent dragged as they cross the epithelium, (ii) There is no correlation between J net and J v for 11 probes with d m=11.8–30 Å (group b). Therefore these probes must cross the epithelium by diffusion and not by solvent drag, (iii) In a plot of J net/J v vs. d m group a probes show a steep linear relation with a slope = −0.111, while for group b probes the slope is −0.002. Thus there is a break between groups a and b in this plot. We tried to fit the data with models for restricted diffusion and convention through cylindrical or parallel slit pathways. We conclude that (i) group a probes are dragged by water through an 11.0 Å-wide slit, (ii) Most of J v must follow an extracellular noncytosolic pathway, (iii) Group b probes must diffuse through a 42 Å-wide slit, (iv) A cylindrical pathway does not fit the data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 539-543 (Mar. 2007), p. 2731-2736 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The main purpose of this work was to produce nanotubes using a two step method:mechanical alloying and heat treatment. Mechanical Alloying (MA) was used to prepare themonometallic Co3C carnide and the bimetallic C-25%at Ni-25%at Mo carbide with Ti impuriritiesby milling of pure elemental powders of cobalt, molibdenum, titanium and carbon, in a high-energyrotatory mill under an Ar atmosphere. The nanocrystalline carbides were used to produce metalfilled nanotubes and nanoparticles, by means of precipitation after heating for 15 minutes at 800°C.Microstructural characterisation of the as-milled and heat-treated powders was performed usingTransmisssion Electron Microscopy (TEM) techniques. It was possible to obtain filled nanotubes,carbide nanorods, and observe a nucleation phenomena inside carbon cavities
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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