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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 6 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: Two cases of traumatic bilateral Achilles tendon rupture are reported. One of the patients was a healthy middle-aged man, who had been an active nationallevel gymnast 20 years earlier. He had not suffered any complaints of Achilles tendons before. The ruptures occurred when, after a sauna, he showed his guests a vault forwards, which he had been able to perform easily. This time the landing took place on the toes, causing a high peak stretch to the calf muscles and Achilles tendons. The total rupture of both Achilles tendons was treated surgically, with an excellent result 2 days after the trauma. End-to-end suturation and a fascial flap plasty were made on both sides. No macroscopic degeneration could be detected on the rupture sites. He was allowed to walk freely 6 weeks after the surgery. The second case was a 54-year-old woman, who had suffered from Achilles tendinitis and peritendinitis for 2 years. Both tendons had been surgically treated, and severe adhesions and local degenerative changes had been found. The tendon rupture occurred when she injured her left ankle while getting out of the car. Two days later she fell at home, because of the weakness of the left side, and consequently the right Achilles tendon was injured. She was treated conservatively for 10 days, before the surgery was performed. Both tendons were ruptured and an extensive degeneration of the area was observed. The right side suffered from a rerupture, which was again treated surgically. After surgery the recovery was slow, but the final result 3 years later was moderate. Neither of the patients had any systemic diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 13 (1981), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The regulatory role of adult thymocytes in the in vitro cytotoxic cell formation against TNP-coupled syngeneic spleen cells was studied. Thymocytes are known to amplify the cytotoxic response of lymph node cells against allogeneic cells. This kind of synergism was nut found in the response against TNP-coupled cells: on the contrary, thymocytes had a clear suppressive effect. Thymocytes inducing this suppression must be present already at the beginning of the In vitro response. Mitotically blocked (mitomycin-C treated) thymocytes but not heat killed or lysed cells were also capable to suppress anti-TNP cytotoxicity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 44 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The molecular background of the defects in the immune reactivity of human neonates has not been fully elucidated. As the NF-κB transcription factor has a central role in the control of transcription of several genes involved in immune and inflammatory responses, the authors have analysed the activation of NF-κB in human umbilical cord T lymphocytes. The activity was tested by quantitating the nuclear proteins binding to an oligonucleotide containing the consensus κB binding sequence (electrophoretic mobility shift assay). The data obtained demonstrate that phorbol dibutyrate/calcium ionophore A23187 (PDBu/iono) combination induced a clearly higher nuclear translocation of NF-κB in neonatal than adult T cells. This higher NF-κB activity was restricted to the CD4+ T-cell subset. Analysis of the nuclear extracts with antibodies directed against the major components of NF-κB the p50 and RelA (p65) proteins, indicated that the composition of NF-κB was similar in neonatal and adult cells. These results suggest that neonatal T cells are exposed to oxidative stress-inducing signals during delivery and/or are inherently more sensitive to NF-κB activating signals than adult T cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A prerequisite for systemic hyporesponsiveness to dietary antigens is their processing in the gut. This study investigated whether bovine caseins degraded by enzymes of an intestinal bacterial strain, Lactobacillus GG (ATCC 53103), could regulate the cytokine production by anti-CD3 antibody-induced peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 14 atopic patients, aged 5–29 (mean, 16) months. Purified casein up-regulated the interleukin-4 and interferon-γ production, P = 0.008 and P = 0.008, respectively. Conversely, Lactobacillus GG-degraded casein down-regulated the interleukin-4 production, P = 0.003, with no effect on interferon-γ. These results indicate that intestinal bacteria may modify immunomodulatory properties of native food proteins and introduce a promising tool to provide protection from potentially harmful dietary antigens at a young age.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 43 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase A (PKA) is known to have both negative and positive effects on the activation mechanisms of T lymphocytes. The authors have analysed the effect of increased cAMP on the activation of NF-κB transcription factor. This factor controls the expression of several genes (e.g. IL-2 and IL-2 receptor) involved in the activation and proliferation of T cells. The authors found that elevation of intracellular cAMP in Jurkat T leukaemia cells activated with phorbol ester (PDBu)/calcium ionophore (A23187) increased the DNA-binding of NF-κB as detected by the electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA). Analysis of the subunit composition of the DNA-binding complex indicated that the amount of c-Rel was enhanced while RelA was decreased. Analysis of the effect of elevated cAMP on the degradation of IκB-α and IκB-β did not reveal an essential change in degradation kinetics of these inhibitor proteins. The elevation of cAMP did not increase the synthesis of c-Rel, but it enhanced the nuclear localization of this protein. Transfection of Jurkat cells with a plasmid kB/TK10-CAT indicated that the increased DNA-binding of c-Rel containing complexes seen in EMSA was also functional. These data imply that the strong and long-lasting c-Rel nuclear localization and DNA-binding induced by protein kinase A is not due to increased c-Rel synthesis or enhanced degradation of the IκB inhibitors. Therefore, a direct phosphorylation of the c-Rel protein is the most plausible explanation for these observations. Taken together, these results suggest that cAMP is able to regulate the expression of NF-κB-dependent genes in T cells by modifying the composition and subunit activity of NF-κB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 36 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The role of elevated intracellular Calcium concentration [Ca2+]i in the LPS-induced activation of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) production was examined in cells representing different stages of myeloid differentiation (undifferentiated monocytic leukaemia cell line THP-1, THP-1 cells induced to adherent, macrophage-like cells by phorbol ester treatment and normal peripheral blood-derived adherent monocytes). LPS did not elevate the [Ca2+]1, as measured by the Fura-2 fluorescence technique. When these cells were stimulated with LPS in the presence of the calcium ionophore A23187, a clear increase in the IL- 1β protein production was observed in the undifferentiated THP-1 cells but not in the more differentiated cell types. This ionophore-induced increase was also seen in the IL-1β mRNA levels. Thus these data confirm the previous findings demonstrating that elevation of (Ca-2+]1 is not involved in the LPS-dependent signal transmission. However, the LPS-induced signals are greatly potentiated by the elevated [Ca2+]i, but only in undifferentiated monocytic cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 38 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Protein kinase C (PKC)-activating phorbol esters are known to induce the expression of several genes in monocytic cells. As the effect of serine-threonine kinases, such as PKC, is often counteracted by specific protein phosphatases, we have now examined the role of phosphatases in the regulation of the phorbol ester (PM A)-induced interleukin-B(IL-1 B) gene expression in theTHP-1 monocytic leukaemia cell line. Okadaic acid (OA) is a potent tumour promoter, the function of which is based on its activity to inhibit the serine/threonine specific phosphatases 1 and 2A (PPI and PP2A, respectively). Thus, it mimicks or potentiates the action of PKC activators in several cell types. Our data demonstrate that alone OA induced a very weak expression of IL-B mRNA, but it strongly enhanced the PMA-induced IL-1BS expression. To analyse the site of action of OA, the cells were transiently transfected with a chloramphenicol acetyl transferase (CAT) –reporter plasmid containing the AP-1 binding site as the enhancer. Alone, OA was a weak inducer of CAT–activity in these cells, but again it strongly enhanced the PMA-induced response. Similar data were obtained with cells transfected with a reporter plasmid containing the PMA-responsive element (containing a putative AP-1 binding site) of the IL-B gene. Thus, these data indicate that the PMA-induced AP-1 enhancer activity, which is required for the expression of the IL–lB gene, is controlled in these cells by PPI and/or PP2A. As OA did not synergize with PMA in the induction of expression of genes encoding the AP-1 proteins (c–fos, c–jun, junB), it is likely that OA potentiates the AP-1 enhancer activity by its effect on protein phosphorylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 30 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Several of the biological effects of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)can be induced by the lipid A part of the molecule. Here we show that in human peripheral blood monocytes, synthetic E. coli lipid A is as effective as the whole LPS molecule in inducing the production of interleukin 1 (IL-1) bioactivity which remains associated to the cells (i.e. IL-1α). In contrast, LPS- but not lipid A-stimulated cells released the bioactive IL-1 produced into the culture supernatant (mainly IL-1β). Northern blotting analysis demonstrated, however, that LPS and lipid A are equally effective in inducing the accumulation of IL-1α and IL-1β mRNA. These data support the hypothesis that induction of IL-1 biosynthesis and activation of the secretory mechanism for IL-1 are independent phenomena.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is a cytokine produced mainly by activated monocytes though the mechanism by which it is released is still unknown. Elevation of intracellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) is considered an important down-regulative signal in the production of IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced monocytes. In this study we show that in LPS-activated human monocytes, elevated cAMP concentrations (induced by either prostaglandin E2, forskolin or dibutyrylcyclic AMP) affected specifically secretion of IL-1β; the amount of secreted IL-β was clearly reduced whereas the cell-associated level remained unchanged. TNF-α, a normal secretory protein, was used as a control. Cyclic AMP also inhibited TNF production by monocytes, but the decrease was of the same magnitude in the extracellular and intracellular compartments. Thus, the down-regulative effect of cAMP on the production of these monokines is clearly different.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 23 (1986), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cells exerting a veto type of suppressive activity, that is, suppressing the cytotoxic T lymphocyte formation against the class I major histocompatibility complex antigen on their surface, can be found in different lymphoid tissues, for example, in the bone marrow. In this study we show that there is variation in the in vitro veto-cell activity between bone marrow cells derived from different mouse strains: bone marrow cells derived from mice carrying the non-H-2 genes of B10/B6 mice had clearly the strongest veto activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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