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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 35 (1996), S. 458-469 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Schlagwort(e): Interfacial tension ; high viscosity ; high molecular weight ; large viscosity ratios ; poly(methyl methacrylate) ; polystyrene ; imbedded disk
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract A method for measuring interfacial tension of high viscosity polymer melts at elevated temperatures is described. The method involves the tracking of the shape evolution of a disk of one material imbedded in a second one. This makes it possible to determine the interfacial tension over a relatively short time period. The technique of preparing the samples makes it possible to measure on practically any combination of polymer melts without restrictions on viscosities and melting temperature, as long as one of the materials is transparent in the molten state. The retraction of the disk is observed by using a microscope with a high resolution video camera. The camera is connected to a video frame grabber in a personal computer which is programmed to collect images with preselected time intervals. Data of the retraction is acquired by using an image analysis software, measuring the average radius of the disk. The driving force for the shape evolution is interfacial tension and it is balanced by viscous forces. The analysis of the retraction process is done analytically with a simplified one-dimensional model. The model has been compared to experiments with the system PS/PMMA at 210 °C, covering viscosity ratios over a range of six decades and five different molecular weight values of PS. It is shown that interfacial tension can be determined over the whole range and a value of 1.1±0.2 mN/m was obtained for all samples.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 6 (1967), S. 390-396 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Die vorliegende Arbeit beschreibt eine verbesserte radiometrische Methode zur Messung der WÄrmeausdehnung fester Stoffe, insbesondere von Hochpolymeren. Die Änderungen der Probendimensionen werden als entsprechende Änderungen der Transmission derΒ-Strahlen registriert. In erster Linie wird beabsichtigt, damit thermische Umwandlungen hochpolymerer Stoffe zu verfolgen. An einer Reihe von Meßresultaten wird gezeigt, daß die Methode für diesen Zweck wohl geeignet und mit normaler Dilatometrie vergleichbar ist. Die wiedergegebenen Beispiele beziehen sich auf die Glasumwandlung amorpher Hochpolymere, die Umwandlungen bei Zimmertemperatur in PTFE — wo auch der Hystereseffekt aufgelöst worden ist -, Unterschiede in der WÄrmeausdehnung von PE verschiedener KristallinitÄt usw. In sÄmtlichen FÄllen konnte eine gute übereinstimmung mit den entsprechenden Literaturangaben erzielt werden.
    Notizen: Summary The present paper describes an improved radiometric method for the measurement of thermal expansion of solids, especially high polymers. The changes in the dimensions of the sample are recorded as the corresponding changes in the transmission ofΒ-rays. In the first place, the method is aimed at following thermal transitions in high polymers. A number of experimental examples shown in the paper demonstrate that the method is well suited for this purpose and that it gives results comparable with ordinary dilatometry. These examples relate to the glass transition in amorphous polymers, the room temperature transitions in PTFE including the accompanying hysteresis effect, differences in thermal expansion of PE of varying crystallinity, etc. A good agreement with the corresponding literature data was achieved.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 19 (1975), S. 831-845 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Pronounced maxima in resistivity-temperature curves have been found at or above Tg for a number of amorphous polymers (PS, PMMA, PVC) containing a small percentage of carbon black. The maxima appeared only after a certain period of storage at T 〈 Tg or at heating rates substantially higher than those used in cooling the samples prior to the measurement. For this reason, no maxima were observed during cooling. In crystalline polymers (PE, PP), maxima at Tm appeared both on heating and cooling. Marked relaxation effects (time-dependent resistivity) were recorded in the Tg and Tm regions. Good agreement was found between resistivity and thermal noise data.
    Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 20 (1976), S. 489-499 
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Thermal and current noise in carbon black-filled polystyrene and polyethylene was studied in the vicinity of Tg and Tm. A highly conductive grade of carbon black was used (Ketjenblack EC): 4% for PS and 6.5% for PE. Pronounced maxima in noise voltage were found at Tg for PS and Tm for PE. Prolonged storage at T lower than Tg enhanced the intensity of the noise peak at Tg for PS. A hysteresis occurred on cooling after a heating cycle, with the current and thermal noise being lower on the cooling cycle (no maximum in the case of PS). The peak temperature was lower for PE on the cooling cycle. Good agreement was found between experimental and calculated thermal noise values. The thermal noise spectra were white within the temperature range of 20° to 140°C. The appearance of the current noise peaks could be associated with a conduction model where a decrease in the number of contact points in the carbon black network occurs in the transition regions. This is in accordance with the concept proposed earlier that the carbon black network existing in a polymer undergoes a rearrangement when the polymer melts (softens) or solidifies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 36 (1998), S. 1847-1856 
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Schlagwort(e): electrical transport ; dielectric properties ; barium titanate ; carbon black ; epoxy resin ; relaxation processes ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Notizen: Conductivity and dielectric constant of a three-component 0-3 composite of epoxy resin-barium titanate-carbon black (0-3 composites are systems in which the filler is in the form of 0-dimensional (point-like, disperse) particles in a three-dimensional polymeric matrix1) have been investigated both at DC and the frequency range of 20-106 c/s. The effect of barium titanate concentration on percolation threshold, critical indices and the mechanism of conduction has been examined. An attempt was made to describe the electrical properties of composites with models originally developed for two-component systems' dielectric-conductor. With increasing barium titanate concentration the agreement of experimentally found frequency dependencies of conductivity and dielectric constant with models based on Debye's equation was found to degrade. An adequate description of electrical properties of composites' dielectric-ferroelectric-conductor should be based on the Havriliak-Negami equation. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci B: Polym Phys 36: 1847-1856, 1998
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 33 (1993), S. 573-580 
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Electrical noise measurements have been used to study electrical conduction in carbon black-filled linear low density polyethylene. Measurements of the resistivity, real part of the relative permittivity, thermal noise, and current noise have been carried out for carbon black contents and temperatures below, near, and above the percolation threshold for electrical conduction. The current noise shows a 1 /fα frequency dependence, with α near unity close to the percolation threshold, but increasing to 1.5 at higher resistivities or temperatures.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 14 (1976), S. 1157-1160 
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Physik
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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