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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 135-142 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Key words Candida albicans ; Secreted aspartic proteinase ; Proteinase inhibitors ; Vulvovaginal candidosis ; Oropharnygeal candidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Although Candida albicans infections in humans are increasingly frequent, our understanding of the host-parasite relationship is limited. The secreted aspartic proteinase of C. albicans was first described in 1965 and has proved to be a major factor in virulence. This enzyme belongs to the class of aspartic proteinases which includes pepsin and renin in humans. Although found in some fungi, secreted aspartic proteinase is rare in these organisms. While the existence of several isoenzymes may not be fully established, it is now obvious that at least seven different genes encode for secreted aspartic proteinase. Within Candida cells it is located in membrane-bound vesicles. Upon fusion of these subcellular structures within the plasma membrane, the enzyme is released to the environment. In the context of human mucosal diseases it is responsible both for adhesion and invasion. Strains from HIV-infected patients with oral candidosis generally exhibit higher enzymatic activity than control strains. In future secreted aspartic proteinase may prove a prime target for new types of antimycotics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 29 (1999), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Urticaria is one of the most common and, in its chronic course, excruciating dermato-allergic diseases. Apart from the dermatological diagnosis, the identification and evaluation of causal triggering factors is of utmost importance. Here a ‘three-step guideline’ (according to Ring and Przybilla) has gained acceptance, ranging from a general basic examination via an intensive investigation until oral provo-cation tests for food allergy and oral provocation tests for idiosyncrasy (OPTI) against food additives. Apart from true IgE-mediated allergies, pseudo-allergic reactions against food additives as well as food contents represent a major problem in chronic urticaria. Recently gastric mucosal colonization with Helicobacter pylori as the trigger of chronic urticaria has received attention. New patho-physiological concepts describe autoantibodies that are directed either against IgE or against the high-affinity IgE-receptor on the surface of mast cells and basophil leucocytes. In the intradermal test with autologous serum positive wheal and flare reactions can be observed (Greaves’ test). In many patients with chronic urticaria considerable psychosomatic involvement is also observed. Histamine is one of the major mediators of most forms of urticaria although in some cases, especially physical urticaria, other mediators seem to play a role. Therefore antihistamines, and mainly H1 antihistamines, are the mainstay of antiurticaria therapy. Some studies have shown a benefit of combined H1- and H2-antagonist treatment in special forms of urticaria namely urticaria factitia. Similarily pretreatment with combined H1 and H2 antagonists has been proven to reduce effectively the frequency of pseudo-allergic reaction to some histamine-releasing drugs used in radiology or surgery. More than 50 years after the first introduction of an antihistamine into allergy therapy, antihistamines still represent modern and exciting agents contributing to the continuous improvement of antiallergic therapy. Antihistamine therapy can be performed with either the classical or second generation antihistamines. Classical antihistamines are connected with considerable side-effects especially sedation and anticholinergic effects. New non-sedating antihistamines have been developed that do not cross the blood–brain barrier. The efficacy of mizolastine, a new non-sedating H1 antagonist, has been evaluated in several placebo-controlled and comparative clinical trials. Overall, mizolastine 10 mg/day was found to be significantly more effective than placebo and as effective as other second generation antihistamine drugs in the management of patients with chronic urticaria, with a rapid and sustained action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Atopic disorders are the result of complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Associations analyses between the promoter polymorphism rs1800875 in the mast cell chymase gene (CMA1) and atopy-related phenotypes have yielded inconsistent results.Methods:  We sequenced the CMA1 locus in 24 unrelated healthy individuals with serum IgE levels 〈50% percentile and 24 individuals with atopic eczema and serum IgE levels 〉90% percentile. Seven CMA1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were evaluated for evidence of associations with atopic phenotypes within a large population of German adults (n = 1875). Subjects were phenotyped by standardized questionnaires and interviews, skin prick testing and serum IgE measurements. Genotyping was performed using MALDI-TOF MS (Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization–Time of Flight mass spectrometry).Results:  Promoter polymorphism rs1800875 was significantly associated with atopic eczema. No associations between any other single SNP and atopic phenotypes could be detected. Haplotype reconstruction revealed four of 128 possible haplotypes reaching estimated frequencies of 3% or more. Two of these haplotypes showed a borderline-significant association with atopic eczema, which did not remain significant after correction for multiple testing.Conclusions:  Results confirm previous observations of a significant association between the CMA1 promoter polymorphism rs1800875 and atopic eczema, but not with serum IgE levels, and support the hypothesis that CMA1 serves as candidate gene for atopic eczema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1365-2133
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of molecular medicine 74 (1996), S. 135-142 
    ISSN: 1432-1440
    Keywords: Candida albicans ; Secreted aspartic proteinase ; Proteinase inhibitors ; Vulvovaginal candidosis ; Oropharnygeal candidosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract AlthoughCandida albicans infections in humans are increasingly frequent, our understanding of the host-parasite relationship is limited. The secreted aspartic proteinase ofC. albicans was first described in 1965 and has proved to be a major factor in virulence. This enzyme belongs to the class of aspartic proteinases which includes pepsin and renin in humans. Although found in some fungi, secreted aspartic proteinase is rare in these organisms. While the existence of several isoenzymes may not be fully established, it is now obvious that at least seven different genes encode for secreted aspartic proteinase. WithinCandida cells it is located in membrane-bound vesicles. Upon fusion of these subcellular structures within the plasma membrane, the enzyme is released to the environment. In the context of human mucosal diseases it is responsible both for adhesion and invasion. Strains from HIV-infected patients with oral candidosis generally exhibit higher enzymatic activity than control strains. In future secreted aspartic proteinase may prove a prime target for new types of antimycotics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Reproduktionsmedizin 16 (2000), S. 183-188 
    ISSN: 1434-808X
    Keywords: Keywords IgE antibodies • Seminal plasma • Allergy • Ejaculate • Anaphylaxis ; Schlüsselwörter IgE-Antikörper ; Sperma ; Seminalplasma ; Allergie ; Anaphylaxie ; Ejakulat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Echte Spermaallergien sind von allergischen Reaktionen gegen Latex, spermizide Substanzen, Lokalanästhetika oder Bestandteile von Lubrikantien abzugrenzen. Inhalt dieses Übersichtsartikels sind IgE-vermittelte allergische Reaktionen (Typ I) auf spezifische Bestandteile des Seminalplasmas. Derartige Zwischenfälle sind selten, wenn auch von einer erheblichen Dunkelziffer ausgegangen werden muss. Die meisten betroffenen Frauen sind jünger als 40 Jahre und weisen eine atopische Eigen- und Familienanamnese auf. Sensibilisierungen gegen Bestandteile des Seminalplasmas sind nicht immer mit Infertilität assoziiert. Die Beschwerden treten unmittelbar oder innerhalb einer Stunde nach Kontakt mit Sperma auf. Lokale Reaktionen sind Juckreiz, Brennen, Erytheme und Ödeme im Vulvabereich oder an anderen Kontaktstellen des Spermas. Systemische Reaktionen äußern sich als Dyspnoe, Schluckstörungen, rhinokonjunktivale Beschwerden, generalisierte Urtikaria, Angioödeme, gastrointestinale Symptome, Exazerbation eines vorbestehenden atopischen Ekzems oder anaphylaktischer Schock. Symptome können bereits während des ersten Geschlechtsverkehrs auftreten. Einige Ergebnisse sprechen dafür, dass die Allergene aus der Prostata stammen und das prostataspezifische Antigen klinisch relevant ist. Die Diagnostik von Spermaallergien basiert auf Anamnese, Nachweis spezifischer IgE-Antikörper im Serum und evtl. Hauttestungen. Therapeutische Optionen sind Allergenkarenz durch Verwendung von Kondomen sowie Versuch einer Hyposensibilisierung.
    Notes: Abstract Human seminal plasma anaphylaxis has to be differentiated from allergic reactions to latex, spermicidal substances, local anesthetics or components of lubricants. In this review article, IgE-mediated (type I) allergic reactions against seminal plasma antigens are discussed. Corresponding symptoms have rarely been reported. However, it is likely that a significant number of cases remain unpublished or undiagnosed. Most patients are younger than 40 years. Human seminal plasma anaphylaxis is not always associated with female infertility. Symptoms start immediately or within 1 h after exposure to the ejaculate. Local reactions include itching, burning, erythema and edema of the perivaginal region or other areas that have been exposed to seminal plasma. Systemic reactions are dyspnea, dysphagia, rhinitis, conjunctivitis, urticaria, angioedema, gastrointestinal symptoms, anaphylaxic shock or exacerbation of atopic eczema. These complaints may become manifest during the first sexual intercourse. Available data imply that seminal plasma allergens are of prostatic origin and that prostate specific antigen is one of the clinically relevant components. The diagnostic procedure is based on medical history, evaluation of specific IgE antibodies in the serum of patients and skin tests. Patients are advised to avoid allergen contact by proper use of condoms. In occasional cases specific hyposensitization has been performed successfully.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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