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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 11 (1989), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The influence of permanent waving on hair proteins was studied in order to obtain additional information about the chemistry of this cosmetic treatment. It was shown by amino acid analysis that with increasing reduction time during treatment fewer disulphide bonds were reformed in hair during subsequent reoxidation. Simultaneously, an increasing amount of sulphur-containing material is liberated from the hair, as demonstrated by the sulphur balance calculated from the sulphur-containing amino acids. The amount liberated is increased when an extensive soaking of the samples in water between the reduction and reoxidation step is performed. Comparing treatments with the use of reducing solutions of pH values between 7.5 and 10.0, it was found that the largest amount of cystine cleavage occurs at pH 9.0. All hair samples reduced at pH values above pH 8.5 showed incomplete reformation of the disulphide bonds during subsequent reoxidation. This was indicated by the content of free SH-groups and cysteic acid, as quantified by amino acid analysis. The damage to the hair proteins due to permanent waving was further confirmed by the determination of the pronase solubility. The reductive treatment of hair at pH 7.5 led to a relatively low degree of reduction, however all sulphur bonds were reformed during subsequent reoxidation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 9 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Amino acid analysis, photometry and polarography were selected as analytical methods for the determination of thiol and disulphide groups in untreated human hair and the results are discussed. The pre-treatments necessary for the different analytical methods, e.g., hydrolysis, to some extent already induce chemical changes of the cysteine and cystine derivatives leading to method-dependent differences in the results. In many cases the partial oxidation products of cystine are supposed to be responsible for this effect. Electron Spectroscopy for Chemical Analysis (ESCA), as an analytical method for the determination of the cystine oxides, was found to be inapplicable due to insufficient resolution and sensitivity, whereas by the use of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy the sulphur-oxygen vibrations could be analysed and cystine monoxide and cystine dioxide were detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of cosmetic science 9 (1987), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1468-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this research is to study the in vitro interaction of the anionic surfactant sodium dodecyl sulphate with human heel callus with special regard to the callus proteins.The sorption of SDS by callus is analysed at different pH values, demonstrating the expected maximum binding of the anionic surfactant at low pH. In both surfactant and blank solutions, swelling of the callus pieces occurs but to different extents. The sorption of SDS by callus is accompanied by a loss of free amino acids and proteins. The protein composition of the callus residues after chemical treatment and of the corresponding treatment baths is examined by amino acid analysis and shows differences in the respective molar amino acid ratios. Results obtained with more specific techniques, such as gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting, demonstrate identical as well as different protein components in the treatment baths depending on the experimental conditions (pH, blank or SDS). Although effects due to the surfactant treatment are in principle more distinct than with blank experiments, those of the latter cannot be neglected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 19 (1980), S. 496-501 
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 839-840 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 113 (1949), S. 157-159 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Verkürzung verschiedener Keratinfasern in 50proz. Phenol wurde in Abhängigkeit von der Temperatur untersucht. Die zur Erzielung einer mittleren Schrumpfung der Haare erforderliche Temperatur (Erweichungstemperatur) hängt von der Herkunft der Haare ab. Schafwolle erweicht bei 84°, Menschenhaar bei 95° C. Zusammenhänge zwischen der Erweichungstemperatur, dem Verhornungsgrad, Cystingehalt und dem histologischen Aufbau der Fasern werden besprochen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 216-217 (1967), S. 298-305 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Oligo-Diamine aus Adipinsäure und 1,6-Diaminohexan H-[B-A] n -B-H (n=1–5) sowie die Oligo-Aminosäuren H-[B-A] n -OH (n=4,5) wurden nach der Methode des gemischten Anhydrids synthetisiert. Als Derivate der Oligo-Diamine wurden die entsprechenden Dinitrophenylverbindungen dargestellt. Einige physikalische Eigenschaften der synthetisierten Verbindungen werden diskutiert.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 112 (1981), S. 1313-1323 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Crosslinking mechanism ; N-Alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines ; N,N′-Alkyl-1,5-diiminopentanes
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The interaction of glutaraldehyde with model aliphatic amines was studied in order to understand the crosslinking reaction of glutaraldehyde with proteins. The reaction in organic solvents gave N-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines and N,N′-dialkyl-1,5-diiminopentanes. The isolated products are new or were previously described by us for the first time1. Hydration of the reaction products led to stable N-alkylpiperidines and N,N′-dialkyl-1,5-diaminopentanes. In aqueous solution the reaction depends on thepH: at apH above 7, N-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines and at apH below 7, polymers were obtained. For the crosslinking reaction of proteins with glutaraldehyde the following mechanism is proposed: Monomeric glutaraldehyde reacts with the protein to give intermediate N-alkyl-2,6-dihydroxypiperidines. Intramolecular dehydration leads to the corresponding N-alkyl-1,4-dihydropyridines. Condensation of the cyclic monohydrate of glutaraldehyde and N-alkyl-2,6-dihydroxypiperidines gives linear polymeric crosslinks containing α-oxo-N-alkylpiperidine units.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 113 (1982), S. 457-473 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Activation, lactam-formation, side-reactions ; N7,N8-(1,2-Dihydroxycyclohex-1,2-ylen)-arginine-derivatives and -peptides ; Semisynthesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A method for the synthesis of arginine peptides is described, in which the side chain guanidine function is blocked through reaction with 1,2-cyclohexanedione in borate buffers. Coupling to the carboxyl group of arginine was achieved by active ester, by dicyclohexylcarbodiimide/1-hydroxybenzotriazole1, and by the mixed anhydride methods2. Neither lactam formation nor acylation of the vicinal hydroxyls of the N7, N8-(1,2-dihydroxycyclohex-1,2-ylene) guanidino group was observed. Removal of the protecting group is strongly influenced by steric factors. Some side reactions observed during modification of peptides and protein fragments with 1,2-cyclohexanedione are also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European food research and technology 160 (1976), S. 377-381 
    ISSN: 1438-2385
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Milch, Milcherzeugnisse und einzelne Milchproteine wurden in unterschiedlichem Ausmaß trocken oder als wässriges System erhitzt. Die Proben wurden nach vollstdndiger Hydrolyse der Peptidbindungen (α-Amidbindungen) durch ein System von vier Proteinasen bzw. Peptidasen auf das Vorkommen von Isopeptiden untersucht. Dafür wurden zwei Ionenaustauschsysteme entwickelt, die eine Trennung von N ɛ -(β-Asparagyl-)lysin ( ) sowie N ɛ -(γ-Glutamyl-)lysin ( ) von Aminosäuren ermoglicht. In 24 Std trocken auf mindestens 120° C erhitztem Milcheiweiß waren 2–5% des Lysins in -Bindungen überführt. Unter den Erhitzungsbedingungen der milchwirtschaftlichen Praxis entstehen keine Isopeptidbindungen.
    Notes: Summary Milk, milk products and individual milk proteins were subjected to different heat treatments either as powders or in aquous systems. After complete hydrolysis of the peptide bonds (α-amide bonds) by a system of four proteinases or peptidases, respectively, the samples were analysed for isopeptides. For this purpose, two chromatographic ion exchange systems were developed, each of which separates N ɛ -(β-aspartyl-)lysine ( ) as well as N ɛ -(γ-glutamyl-)lysine ( ) from the common amino acids. In samples, heated 24 h for at least 120° C, 2–5% of the lysine residues are incorporated in -bonds. Under the heating conditions used in dairy practice, no isopeptide bonds were formed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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