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  • 1975-1979  (1)
  • 1960-1964  (1)
  • 1978  (1)
  • 1963  (1)
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  • 1975-1979  (1)
  • 1960-1964  (1)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Applied physics 16 (1978), S. 381-390 
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 73 ; 72.20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Indium-tin-oxide films (ITO films) sputtered in Ar-atmosphere with and without addition of oxygen reveal an irreversible increase in conductivity during annealing in vacuum. This annealing process increases drastically the density of free electrons, while the Hall mobility changes only slightly. Below the annealing temperature the temperature dependence of the conductivity is reversible. In films with low density of free electrons, which behave like non-degenerated semiconductors, two activation energies for the mobility could be found. The irreversible changes, observed during annealing in the vacuum, are explained by diffusion of oxygen from the interior of the film to the surface, followed by desorption of the oxygen from the surface into the vacuum. The excess oxygen in the non-stoichiometric films plays the role of electron traps. The irreversible effects during annealing in the vacuum are partly reversible in the long run. If the annealed films are exposed to oxygen or air their conductivity decreases because of diffusion of oxygen from the surface into the film.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für anorganische Chemie 321 (1963), S. 224-233 
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: The Raman and IR spectra of [(CH3)3SnOH]2 · (CH3)3SnBr, (CH3)3 SnOH · (CH3)3Br · H2O and [(CH3)3Sn]3OBr are reported and their frequencies are assigned. The distances of lattice planes are communicated. It is very probable that in these complex salts [(CH3)3Sn]+ cations exist besides (CH3)3SnOH and (CH3)3SnOSn(CH3)3, respectively. The association is caused by interaction of the oxygen of one constituent of the complex with the cation. In contrast to solid (CH3)3SnOH, in the complex compounds hydrogen bonds may exist between the OH groups. Bromide is arranged as ion within the external sphere.The strong hygroscopicity of [(CH3)3Sn]3 O Br results from the extremely low coordination of tin. The stabilities of the complex compounds are discussed in regard with coordination problems.
    Notes: Die Raman- und IR-Spektren von [(CH3)3SnOH]2 · (CH3)3SnBr, (CH3)3SnOH (CH3)3SnBr · H2O und [(CH3)3Sn]3OBr werden mitgeteilt, und die Frequenzen den einzelnen Normalschwingungen zugeordnet. Netzebenenabstände werden angegeben. In den Komplexsalzen liegen sehr wahrscheinlich [(CH3)3Sn]+-Ionen neben (CH3)3SnOH bzw. (CH3)3SnOSn-(CH3)3 vor. Die Assoziation erfolgt durch Wechselwirkung des Sauerstoffs des einen Komplexpartners mit dem Kation. Im Gegensatz zum festen (CH3)3SnOH sind in den Komplexverbindungen Wasserstoffbrückenbindungen zwischen den einzelnen OH-Gruppen sterisch möglich. Das Brom ist als Ion in der äußeren Sphäre gebunden. Die starke Hygroskopizität des [(CH3)3Sn]3 O Br beruht darauf, daß in diesem Komplex das Zinn koordinativ besonders wenig abgesättigt ist. Die Stabilität der Komplexe wird in Abhängigkeit vom Koordinationsproblem diskutiert.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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