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  • 1970-1974  (46)
  • 1905-1909
  • 1970  (46)
  • Chemical Engineering  (46)
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Evaluation of biocides for treatment of polyvinyl chloride film (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The results of a study to determine the biological stability of clear, colorless, biocide-treated PVC film are presented. With the exception of a resistant control, all the PVC film samples tested contained a plasticizer susceptible to biological deterioration. Biocide-treated and control PVC film samples were subjected to biological attack in soil burial. Portions of each sample were exposed to leaching and to weathering in a weatherometer followed by soil burial to test the stability of each biocide to loss by water and weathering exposure. Of the 32 biocide preparations tested only 2, N-(trichloromethylthio) phthalimide and copper 8-quinolinolate, a known effective reference compound, were found to provide good protection for treated film in direct soil burial and in soil burial following leaching and weatherometer exposure. Natural weathering outdoors confirmed the results found with weatherometer exposed samples. The N-(trichloromethylthio) phthalimide was less effective than the reference compound in suppressing surface growth. In addition, N-(trichloromethylthio) phthalimide may not be compatible with all PVC formulations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100410
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Inflation and compression of rubber tubes between parallel plates (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 358-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: When a thin-walled rubber tube containing an incompressible fluid is compressed between two parallel plates the internal pressure rise depends on the restraints in the contact regions. When there is no friction in the contact zone the pressure rise is lower than when slip is prevented, so that the tube, regarded as a spring, has a compression stiffness which depends on the frictional conditions. The same considerations apply to the inflation of a tube between fixed parallel plates. In this case unstable inflation sets in at a critical pressure when the interfaces are frictionless; the tube develops a pronounced bulge when this pressure is approached. Simple theoretical relations are derived for the internal pressure and compressive force for both these deformations, and for both boundary conditions, assuming that the rubber is Neo-Hookean in elastic behavior. Experimental measurements on tubes of different dimensions are shown to be in reasonably good quantitative agreement with these theoretical predictions in all cases.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100609
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Kinetics of thermally induced solid state polycondensation of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 364-368 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A diffusional model was established to study the kinetics of thermally-induced solid state polycondensation of poly(ethylene terephthalate). Diffusion through solid polymer is the rate controlling step when temperature is higher than 210°C and particle size is no smaller than 100 mesh. The activation energy is 30 Kcal/g mole. In polymerizing powders (20-200 mesh), the crystallinity of prepolymer and its changes during the polymerization affect the diffusivity and thus the polymerization rate. The diffusivity was found to be linearly proportional to the mass fraction of the amorphous phase in PET polymer.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100610
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Radiotracer measurements of sulphur diffusion in rubbers (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 383-387 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The object of measurement was the diffusion of elemental sulphur labelled with the radioisotope S35 in typical representatives for various types of rubber. The highest values of diffusion coefficient have been found in cis 1,4 polybutadiene. The lowest measured value was found for butyl rubber. The activation energy, expressing the temperature dependence of the diffusion coefficients, ranges from 4 to 10 kcal mol-1. For some rubbers studied, the activation energy is to a certain degree dependent upon temperature. The values of the diffusion coefficients and the characteristic constants for their temperature dependence are related to the mobility of the macromolecular segments.
    Zusätzliches Material: 5 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100613
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Studies on the stress relaxation of polystyrenes in the rubbery-flow region (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 66-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Relaxation modulus curves for narrow distribution and broad distribution polystyrenes are compared and the significant effect of molecular weight distribution on these curves is shown. An empirical three-parameter equation is shown to describe the stress relaxation behavior of narrow distribution polystyrenes. New data for high molecular weight, narrow distribution polystyrenes are presented and used to extend the applicability of previous quantitative relations for higher molecular weights. The stress relaxation technique is shown to be sensitive to the type of plasticizer used at low concentrations.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100203
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Fine structures and fracture processes in plastic-rubber two-phase polymer systems III. Temperature dependence of Charpy impact strengthParts I and II of this series were published in the May 1969 POLYMER ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE. Part IV starts on page 261. (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 253-260 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: Notched Charpy impact strengths of a series of plasticrubber two-phase polymer systems were measured over a wide range of temperatures. Blends of polyvinylchloride and rubbers with varying chemical structures, and several ABS polymers were investigated.In all systems, Charpy impact strength began to increase near the Tg of the rubber component followed by a logarithmic increase with increasing temperature. The trend is expressed by the following empirical relation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ I{\rm = }A{\rm exp(- }B/T{\rm)} $$\end{document} where I is Charpy impact strength, A and B are constants, and T is the absolute temperature. This equation is applicable between the Tg's of the plastic and the rubber components. The increasing tendency of impact strength, i.e. the B value of the above equation, is depressed mainly by the decrease of the compatibility and/or the interfacial adhesive force between the two phases. Toughening mechanism and the ways of increasing toughness are discussed based on the craze formation mechanism.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100502
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Sources of variability in laboratory weathering (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 309-313 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A statistical study was conducted to determine the significance of the sources of variability in the laboratory (carbon arc) weathering of a light-stabilized polyester resin system. Color fastness of the resin was evaluated in terms of changes in total color, lightness, and chromaticity. Factors that significantly influenced the results were variability within castings and between batches of resin, location of the specimen within the exposure apparatus, and the storage time prior to testing. The carbon arc instrument provided a relatively insensitive test for evaluating a light-stabilized polymer system, chiefly because, with a stable polymer, small random variations in response become almost equal to the small change in color developed on exposure.
    Zusätzliches Material: 7 Tab.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100510
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Measurement of water vapor transmission through polyethylene electrical insulation (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 32-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: A method is described for measuring the rate of water vapor transmission through thick sections of polyethylene used as insulation on electrical conductors of pure sodium metal. The technique could be generally useful for materials which do not react with sodium, and for cylindrical samples which can be filled with molten sodium in a dry box. For samples with uniform dimensions the results are extremely precise because sensitive electrical measurements are used. Specimens of products in final form can be employed to determine the effects of variations in processing.
    Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100107
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Cause and effect in the weathering of plastics (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 108-121 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: In most instances, the study of the weatherability of plastics follows empirical schemes that show little correlation with the actual effects of outdoor exposure. A more reliable analysis must be based on a knowledge of the factors in the weather which affect plastic properties and of the modes of interaction between these factors and the plastic material. It is shown that both the factors of the weather and the kinetics of polymer degradation may be expressed in a quantitative manner suitable for analytical treatment. Furthermore, it is shown that the analytical approach yields predictions which are in qualitative agreement with the results of actual outdoor exposure. Finally, some new techniques are proposed for more reliable predictions of long-term outdoor weatherability on the basis of laboratory studies.
    Zusätzliches Material: 24 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100209
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Thermal stability of networks containing siloxane linkages (1970)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 10 (1970), S. 225-227 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie , Maschinenbau , Physik
    Notizen: The thermal stability of elastomers containing siloxane linkages has been compared using the technique of chemical stress relaxation in an inert environement. Enhancement of the already high stability of the basic poly (dimethyl siloxane) silicone rubber by the substitution of hetero groups in and on the main chain was proved, with the exception of the pendent trifluoroporopyl group. Particulary dramatic was the effect of the mcarborane moiety in the SiB-2 elastomers which elevated the stability of the siloxane chain by more than 100°C relative to silicone rubber.
    Zusätzliches Material: 1 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760100407
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