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  • Digitale Medien  (4)
  • 1995-1999
  • 1970-1974  (4)
  • 1972  (4)
Materialart
  • Digitale Medien  (4)
Erscheinungszeitraum
  • 1995-1999
  • 1970-1974  (4)
Jahr
  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 272 (1972), S. 32-45 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Cardioglycoside ; Labelled Compound ; Absorption ; Cardiac Output ; Guinea-Pig
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Glycosides were injected into a ligated loop of the small intestine of guinea-pigs under urethane anaesthesia. From the residual radioactivity in the intestinal loop at various times after the injection the amount absorbed was determined and from that the rate of absorption, assuming exponential absorption. β-Methyl-digoxin was absorbed more rapidly than digoxin and its derivatives β-acetyl-digoxin and lanatoside C but slower than digitoxin. β-Methyl-digoxin was much better absorbed from a suspension than from a solution; this caused the difference from digitoxin to disappear to a large extent. The high rate of absorption of β-methyl-digoxin in humans is probably explicable in this way. The rate of absorption of β-methyl-digoxin was independent of the dose until the appearance of arrhythmias; it decreased with progressing intoxication. Absorption was delayed when cardiac output was decreased by barbital anaesthesia. The amount absorbed at the onset of arrhythmias can be calculated from the injected dose, the rate of absorption and the time. For β-methyl-digoxin and digoxin it corresponded to the effective doses determined by intravenous infusion and to the cardiotoxicity after intraduodenal injection. The cardiotoxicity of β-acetyl-digoxin and digitoxin was less than that expected from the amounts absorbed suggesting metabolic inactivation during absorption. The relative enteral activity is not only determined by the absorption but also by the rate of elimination. The rate at which the material should leave the intestine in order to maintain arrhythmia was calculated. It was considerably greater for digitoxin than for β-methyl-digoxin or digoxin.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 272 (1972), S. 46-64 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Schlagwort(e): Cardioglycoside ; Labelled Compound ; Drug Metabolism ; Pharmacokinetics ; Absorption
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Summary β-Methyl-digoxin was much more resistant to enzymatic degradation than digoxin, β-acetyl-digoxin and digitoxin. Only in the bile was an appreciable percentage of the radioactivity attributable to a hydrophilic metabolite. The distribution volume of β-methyl-digoxin increased with time, but was independent of the dose and of the mode of administration. The blood levels during i. v. infusion and after i. d. injection can be used for calculating the speed of absorption during the first 20 min only. The correlations between blood levels and pharmacodynamic activity were investigated by varying the dose injected intraduodenally or the speed of i. v. infusion. Although the effective doses were constant, the blood levels expected at the onset of arrhythmias decreased with decreasing speed of administration. Signs of acute tolerance were observed when the experiment lasted for more than 30 min. In the heart, the equilibrium between blood and tissue levels of radioactivity was reached sooner than in the rest of the body. Whereas maximal blood levels were observed about 30 min after oral administration in man, they continued to rise for at least 60 min after i.d. injection in guineapigs. This confirms earlier observations that β-methyl-digoxin is absorbed more rapidly in man than in guinea-pigs.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology 272 (1972), S. 458-458 
    ISSN: 1432-1912
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 261 (1972), S. 177-191 
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Schlagwort(e): Reflexionsspektrometrie ; abgeschwächte Totalreflexion, analytische Anwendungen
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Einige Anwendungen der ATR-Technik auf unterschiedliche Analysenprobleme, die Besonderheiten der Probenaufbereitung und ein Vergleich zwischen ATR und Durchlichtspektren werden beschrieben. Die besonderen Vorteile der ATR-Technik wie etwa eine Analyse optisch undurchlässiger Medien, dünner Schichten auf Oberflächen, der Möglichkeit zur Verwendung wäßriger Lösungen und des Erhalts analytischer Daten aus Probemengen im μg-Bereich führten trotz prinzipieller Nachteile und der schwierigen Theorie der Messung der Totalreflexion zu einem steilen Anstieg der Entwicklungsarbeiten auf diesem Gebiet. Die ATR-Technik wird hier beispielsweise zur Identifikation von geringsten Schmierstoffmengen und von Spurengehalten an Bornitrid im Rückstand nach der Stahlprobenisolierung angewendet. Zahlreiche Spektren sollen die Anpassungsfähigkeit und hohe Aussagekraft dieser Methode dokumentieren. Sämtliche ATRSpektren wurden auf dem Beckman IR-20-Spektrometer unter Verwendung eines ATR-Zusatzes mit Neunfachreflexion aufgenommen, der Kristall besteht aus TlBr/TlJ (KRS-5) und der Einfallswinkel beträgt in allen Fällen 45°.
    Notizen: Abstract Some investigations of different analytical problems, the speciality of sample preparation, and a comparison of ATR and transmission spectra are described. The special advantages of ATR technique like analysis of optical non-transparent media or thin films on surfaces, the possibility to make use of aqueous liquids and to realize analytical data from microgram samples push up an increase of development in this simple technique against principle disadvantages and the difficult theory of total reflection measurements. For example ATR technique is here applied for identification of micro amounts of lubricants or trace amounts of boron nitride in the residues extracted from steel samples. A number of spectra have been prepared to illustrate the flexibility and high efficiency of ATR technique. All ATR spectra are obtained with a Beckman IR-20 spectrometer equipped with a 9-reflection ATR accessory. The prism material is KRS-5 and the angle of incidence is 45° in all cases.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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