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  • 1975-1979  (3)
  • 1976  (3)
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  • 1975-1979  (3)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York : Cambridge University Press
    International journal of Middle East studies 7 (1976), S. 209-241 
    ISSN: 0020-7438
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: Ethnic Sciences , History , Political Science
    Notes: During the nineteenth and twentieth centuries religion continued to play an obvious role in the Middle East. Among observers of that area the significance of the impact of religion on political development was consequently never minimized to the extent that it was among observers of political trends in the West. Western scholars interested in the Middle East, however, have tended to overrate the importance of the Muslim modernists with whom they felt a certain affinity. They also have accepted too uncritically the views of modernists concerning the lifelessness of traditional expressions of Islam. As a result, not until recently have we begun sufficiently to appreciate traditional Muslim religious leaders both for their impact on and for the diversity of their responses to modern political and intellectual currents. I believe that this diversity is not accidental but rather is susceptible to analysis and explanation. This essay demonstrates how four variables (historical circumstances, theological considerations, socioeconomic considerations, and governmental policies toward Muslim religious leaders) affected the political involvement of the Islamic ulama throughout the Middle East generally and in Tunisia particularly during the ‘liberal age’.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 260 (1976), S. 423-424 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Water hyacinth plants were cultured in vitro in polyethylene trays (45 30 8 cm) on 1/5 strength Long Ashton medium composed of the following (mg per 1 of nutrient solution): KN03, 81; Ca(NO3)2.4H20, 189; MgSO4.7H2O, 74; NaH2P04.H20, 0.35; MnSO4.H2O, 0.35; CuSO4.5H2O, 0.05; ZnSO4.7H2O, 0.06; ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0018-019X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A detailed study of the reaction of catharanthine N-oxide and vindoline has been carried out employing various conditions. Under optimum conditions, which involve low temperatures and trifluoroacetic anhydride as reagent, 3′, 4′-dehydrovinblastine (XIII, R = COOCH3), in reasonable yields is essentially the exclusive product. However two additional products, 18′ (epi)- 3′, 4′-dehydrovinblastine (XIV, R = COOCH3) and 1′-hydroxy- 3′, 4′-dehydrovinblastine (XVI, R = COOCH3) are also often isolated.The reaction, which follows the course of a Polonovski-type fragmentation process, has been extended to the N-oxide derivatives of dihydrocatharanthine and decarbomethoxycatharanthine to provide again a series of bisindole alkaloid derivatives, also vinblastines. A mechanistic rationale is provided to explain the various results obtained.
    Additional Material: 6 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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