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  • 1985-1989  (9)
  • 1975-1979
  • 1985  (9)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Striations in CZ silicon crystals grown under various axial magnetic field strengths (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 58 (1985), S. 2731-2735 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Inhibition of fluid flow instabilities in the melt by the axial magnetic field in Czochralski silicon crystal growth (AMCZ) is investigated precisely by a high-sensitivity striation etch in conjunction with temperature measurements. The magnetic field strength (B) was varied up to 4.0 kG, incremented mostly in 0.5-kG/2.5-cm crystal length. The convection flow was substantially suppressed at B≥1.0 kG. A low oxygen level of 2–3 ppm and a high resistivity of 400 Ω cm is achieved in the AMCZ silicon crystals at B≥1.0 kG. Random striations at B=0, characteristic of turbulent convection, assumed progressively a periodicity, indicative of oscillatory convection at 0.35〈B≤4.0 kG. The striation contrast or "intensity'' decreased steadily with the increase in B. At B=4 kG, most of the crystal was free of striations, although some weak, localized periodic striations persisted near the crystal periphery. Spreading-resistance measurement shows, however, a uniform dopant distribution in all crystal sections grown at 0.35〈B≤4.0 kG within a few percent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.335883
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Durable metal carbide layers on steels formed by ion implantation at high temperatures (1985)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 58 (1985), S. 1255-1258 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: High-power beams (4–10 W/cm2) of Ti ions have been used to heat Fe and steel substrates to 600–800 °C during high fluence (5×1017/cm2) implantation. Auger sputter depth profiles find a stoichiometric TiC surface layer, about 100 nm deep, graded continuously into both Fe and steel substrates. Secondary ion mass spectrometry of Fe and steels implanted in 13CO atmospheres indicate that the carbon originates from the bulk in carbon steels but from the atmosphere in Fe foils. Transmission electron microscopy reveals a continuous layer of fine-grained (50–100 nm) TiC crystallites in a preferred Baker–Nutting orientation relationship with respect to underlying Fe grains. Abrasive-wear measurements performed with diamond paste (1–5 μm) show the TiC layer on hardened M2 steel is 3–10 times more wear resistant than the substrate. Sliding-wear studies find an extremely durable layer that reduces friction by up to 60%, and increases by 50% the contact-stress threshold of M2 tool steel to boundary lubrication. The metallurgical processes responsible for the TiC layer will be discussed, and the advantages of this high-temperature treatment will be presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336117
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement and analysis of the infrared-active stretching fundamental (ν3) of UF6 (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 83 (1985), S. 34-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: High-resolution spectra of the infrared-active stretching fundamental ν3 of 238UF6 have been obtained between 620.6 and 633.5 cm−1 using tunable semiconductor diode lasers. Interference from hot bands was suppressed by cooling the UF6 in a supersonic expansion, and useful monomer concentrations were produced with effective temperatures of 〈100 K. Portions of the band from P(77) to R(66) are illustrated. All transitions from the vibrational ground state have been assigned, and the Q branch has been fully analyzed. A total of 43 line frequencies and 110 frequency differences extending in J to P(77), Q(91), and R(67) has been used to fit seven spectroscopic constants. The ground- and excited-state values of the rotational constant B could be individually determined, and the U–F bond length in the ground vibrational state is r0=1.9962±0.0007 A(ring). The Q branch of 235UF6 has also been analyzed and the 235UF6–238UF6 ν3 isotope shift measured to be 0.603 79±0.000 17 cm−1. The isotope shift and the Coriolis constant ζ3 have been used to refine the general quadratic intramolecular force field of UF6, and the Cartesian displacement coordinates of both infrared-active fundamentals are illustrated and compared with those of SF6.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.449777
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultraviolet absorption cross sections of infrared laser excited UF6 (1985)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 83 (1985), S. 4344-4347 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Ultraviolet absorption cross sections of ν3 vibration-excited UF6 molecules were measured in the wavelength region between 230 and 280 nm. The state-selective excitation was accomplished by 16 μm laser pumping of the ground vibrational state of flow-cooled UF6. Maximum changes in the absorption cross sections were observed toward longer wavelengths in the wings of the two charge transfer bands located at 220 and 260 nm. The results are discussed in terms of a transition from the ν3 vibrationally excited state to an upper dissociative potential surface. The change in the UV absorption cross section was also monitored as a function of the IR laser frequency and the sample gas temperature. The IR excitation spectrum follows qualitatively the low resolution contour of the ν3 Q branch. The magnitude in the absorption change is dependent on the fraction of molecules being accessed by the IR laser. The characteristic relaxation time for the ν3 excitation was estimated to be about 0.25 μs Torr at 100 K.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.449048
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theoretical study of fluorine atom and fluoride ion attack on methane and silane (1985)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 107 (1985), S. 4415-4419 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00301a008
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors Influencing the Pressing and Reconstitution Characteristics of Peanuts (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Shelled peanut kernels were hydraulically pressed, reconstituted, and fried to investigate the effects of applied pressure, holding time, and initial depth of peanuts in the cylinder on percent oil removed (Y), percent broken kernels (B), and over-expansion ability (E). In general, Y, B, E, and the apparent density of pressed peanut cake increased with the applied pressure in the compression strain range of 0.3 – 0.7 and it was possible to develop the respective empirical correlations. Typical stress-strain diagrams for peanuts exhibited nonlinear relationships indicating a small degree of elasticity upon unloading. The swelling rate constants of pressed peanuts during reconstitution appeared to be proportional to the percent oil removed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb13317.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sodium orthophosphate hydrate (NA3PO4·12H2O): A new type of human urinary stone (1985)
    Springer
    Urological research 13 (1985), S. 301-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-0879
    Keywords: Electron microscopy ; Urolith ; Sodium phosphate ; New stone component
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In a series of electron microscopic studies of human urinary stones, a stone composed of sodium orthophosphate hydrate was identified. The stone was recovered from a patient who succumbed to advanced renal failure. A massive failure of the sodium pump, which cotransports phosphate across the brush border membrane of the proximal tubules is thought to be responsible for such an exceptional stone. This appears to be the first description of sodium phosphate crystal in a human urinary stone. Electron microscopy is a useful tool for stone analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00262661
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid hydrolysis of sweet potato for ethanol production (1985)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 27 (1985), S. 316-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Studies were conducted to establish optimal conditions for the acid hydrolysis of sweet potato for maximal ethanol yield. The starch contents of two sweet potato cultivars (Georgia Red and TG-4), based on fresh weight, were 21.1 ± 0.6% and 27.5 ± 1.6%, respectively. The results of acid hydrolysis experiments showed the following: (1) both hydrolysis rate and hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) concentration were a function of HCL concentration, temperature, and time; (2) the reducing sugars were rapidly formed with elevated concentrations of HCl and temperature, but also destroyed quickly; and (3) HMF concentration increased significantly with the concentration of HCl, temperature, and hydrolysis time.Maximum reducing sugar value of 84.2 DE and 0.056% HMF (based on wet weight) was achieved after heating 8% SPS for 15 min in 1N HCl at 110°C. Degraded 8% SPS (1N HCl, 97°C for 20 min or 110°C for 10 min) was utilized as substrate for ethanol fermentation and 3.8% ethanol (v/v) was produced from 1400 mL fermented wort. This is equal to 41.6 g ethanol (200 proof) from 400 g of fresh sweet potato tuber (Georgia Red) or an ethanol yield potential of 431 gal of 200-proof ethanol/acre (from 500 bushel tubers/acre).
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260270316
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the crystal structures of nylon 11 (1985)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 23 (1985), S. 2477-2482 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Careful examination of x-ray diffraction patterns from melt-crystallized nylon 11 films show significant discrepancies with the proposed α-form structure. These discrepancies do not disappear after the samples have been annealed. The temperature dependence of the d spacings of the two strongest peaks show further evidence that the melt-crystallized and solution-cast films (α form) possess different crystal structures. These results suggest a different crystal structure for the melt-crystallized films; this would help explain the rather low piezoelectric response of these films and also the failure to observe a rapid decrease in polarization at the transition temperature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1985.180231206
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