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  • 1
    ISSN: 1573-7284
    Keywords: Chlamydia trachomatis ; Serology (ELISA) ; Urogenital infections ; Adnexitis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The diagnostic value of different laboratory methods in detecting Chlamydia trachomatis infections in high risk groups was analysed. The efficiency of a direct specimen test was compared with serology (IgG and IgM ELISA) and culture in L929 cells, stained either with fluorescein conjugated monoclonal antibodies or with iodine. Patients (no. = 1041) with localized genital infections attending a STD clinic, sexual contacts and patients with ascending infections from urological and gynecological clinics were examined. Chlamydia trachomatis was detected in 225 patients: 210 (93.3% were reactive in the direct test (smears stained with monoclonal antibodies), whereas culture missed only 5 (sensitivity 97.8%) when stained by the same method. Cultures stained with iodine produced the lowest recovery rate (73.8%), but this rate increased to 80.9% when a second passage was performed. In addition the prevalence of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Candida albicans and Trichomonas vaginalis was investigated. In patients with non-gonococcal urethritis (no. = 331) and cervicitis (no. = 353), Chlamydia trachomatis was isolated in 32.3% and 12.8% respectively. However, this pathogen could be isolated in only 3 (15.8%) out of 19 patients with epididymitis and 15 (14%) out of 107 patients with adnexitis, although 66.7% and 93.3% respectively had specific IgG antibodies. Specific IgM could by detected with a sandwich ELISA in patients with adnexitis (46.7%), epididymitis (33.3%), cervicitis (22.2%), non-gonococcal urethritis (14%) and in the sexual partners of patients with genital infections (35.7%). The direct specimen test with monoclonal antibodies is the method of choice for the diagnosis of a C. trachomatis infection in patients with urethritis and cervicitis. In ascending infections of the genital tract, however, even culture may give negative results, and serology may be of diagnostic assistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Fictive locomotion ; Cutaneous reflex pathways ; Flexor digitorum longus muscle ; Motoneurons ; Interneurons ; Reflex modulation ; Spinal cord
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary We examined modulation of transmission of short-latency excitation produced by distal hindlimb cutaneous input, as well as fluctuations in motoneuron membrane potential and input resistance, in flexor digitorum longus (FDL) motoneurons during fictive locomotion. Fictive stepping was induced in unaesthetized, decerebrate cats either by repetitive stimulation of the mesencephalic locomotor region (MLR) or by administration of Nialamide and 1 DOPA after low spinal section. In the MLR preparations, brief depolarizing waves occurred in FDL cells during the early flexion phase of fictive stepping, immediately after cessation of activity in extensor muscles. In some FDL cells, plateau-like depolarizations also occurred during the extensor phase. Fictive stepping induced in acutely spinalized cats by administration of l-DOPA was slower and more variable; peak polarization in FDL motoneurons always occurred during the early flexion phase but there was usually no distinct depolarization during extension. In both types of preparation, the initial EPSP components in synaptic potentials (SP-EPSPs) produced by electrical stimulation of the cutaneous division of the superficial peroneal nerve (SP) were maximally facilitated during early flexion, coincident with the peak of background depolarization. This enhancement was manifested by an increase in the amplitude of initial SP-EPSP components or by decreased central latency of the initial EPSP components, or both. In most FDL motoneurons, input resistance decreased systematically during late flexion, coincident with relative membrane hyperpolarization. Correction of SP-EPSP amplitudes for changes in input resistance suggested that SP-EPSP facilitation persisted throughout the flexion phase These findings are discussed with reference to modulation of cutaneous reflexes during locomotion and the possibility that excitatory last-order interneurons in particular cutaneous reflex pathways may distribute excitatory drive from the central pattern generator for locomotion to FDL α-motoneurons
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 0044-2313
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Inorganic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Reaction of Bis(2-mercaptoethyl)phosphines with Organotin Compounds. Molecular Structure of a Tin Containing Sixteen-membered RingThe reaction of bis(2-mercaptoethyl)phosphine with di-t-butyltin dimethoxide yields mixture of oligomers of the type [t-Bu2Sn(SCH2CH2)2Pr]n (R = Me, Ph) from which the trans-configurated dimers (n = 2) have been isolated. By the reaction with sulphur and selenium, respectively, these dimers were transformed to the corresponding thioxo and selenoxo derivatives.The sixteen-membered ring trans-[t-Bu2Sn(SCH2CH2)2P(S)Ph]2 crystallizes in the space group P21/n with the unit cell dimensions a 1350.9, b 1310.2, c 1500.3 pm, β 96.36° and does not exhibit any intramolecular Sn—P interaction: The 1,5-diorgano-1-chloro-5-elementa-1-stanna(IV)-bicyclo-[3.3.01,5]octanes R(Cl)Sn(SCH2CH2)2E (6, R = Ph, E = PPh; 7, R = Ph, E = NMe) have been prepared from the corresponding sodium dithiolates and phenyltrichlorostannane. The transannulare Sn—P and Sn—N interactions in 6 and 7 are confirmed by 31P and 119Sn NMR investigations.
    Notes: Die Reaktion von Bis(2-mercaptoethyl)phosphinen mit Di-t-butylzinndimethoxid liefert Mischungen von Oligomeren des Typs [t-Bu2Sn(SCH2CH2)2PR]n (R = Me, Ph), von denen die trans-konfigurierten Dimere (n = 2) isoliert wurden. Durch Reaktion mit Schwefel bzw. Selen wurden diese in die entsprechenden Thio- bzw. Selenoderivate überführt. Der Sechzehnring trans-[t-Bu2Sn(SCH2CH2)2P(S)Ph]2 4 kristallisiert in der Raumgruppe P21/n mit den Gitterkonstanten a 1350,9, b 1310,2, c 1500,3 pm und β 96,36°, er enthält keine intramolekularen Sn—P.-Wechselwirkungen. Die 1,5-Diorgano-1-chloro-5-element-1-stanna(IV)-bicyclo[3.3.01,5]-octaneR(Cl)Sn(SCH2CH2)2E (6, R = Ph, E = PPh; 7, R = Ph, E = NMe) wurden aus den entsprechenden Natriumdithiolaten und Phenyltrichlorstannan erhalten. Die transannularen Sn—P- und Sn—N- Wechselwirkungen in 6 und 7 werden durch 31P- und 119Sn-NMR-Untersuchungen bestätigt.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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