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  • 1990-1994  (17)
  • 1991  (17)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Macromolecules 24 (1991), S. 2518-2522 
    ISSN: 1520-5835
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 7 (1991), S. 3076-3080 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 7 (1991), S. 1855-1860 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of evolutionary economics 1 (1991), S. 219-235 
    ISSN: 1432-1386
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Abstract Three dynamic, descriptive models of the economy are studied in which entrepreneurship and regulation are interdependent. These models, adapted from population biology, capture Baumol's observation that economic regulations are used by entrepreneurs against entrepreneurs and therefore should be made an endogenous variable in a theory of the supply of entrepreneurship. The models differ in the number of competitive processes admitted, thus permitting comparative analyses. These models allow one to work out the general-equilibrium implications that are not always obvious at first sight. The implications, furthermore, are unambiguous and strong. Four striking implications are derived. First, competition among entrepreneurs for markets does not stimulate economic growth, but promotes economic freedom (i.e., the freedom from economic regulation). Second, competition among regulators for the administrative control of markets leads to faster economic growth and greater economic freedom. Third, these favorable effects also attend deregulation and greater resistance to new regulations. Fourth, the preferential financial treatment of innovations does not necessarily encurage innovations; it ultimately results in more regulation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 94 (1991), S. 7893-7900 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The NO γ emission is observed from the reaction of NO+(a)+NO. The emission provides a new detection method for studying the NO+(a) reaction kinetics at thermal energy without electric field. The NO+(a) is produced by photoionization of NO at 76.5 nm as well as by the reaction of Ar++NO, where Ar+ is also produced by photoionization of Ar. The vibrational population distributions of NO(A) resulted from the ion–molecule reactions are measured and used to discuss the mechanisms for the production of the emission. The reaction rate constants are determined from the decay rates of the emission intensity as a function of time. The reaction rate constants of NO+(a)+NO and Ar++NO at room temperature are measured to be (5.8±0.7)×10−10 and (2.1±1.0)×10−10 cm3/s, respectively. The reaction rate constant of NO+(a)+Ar at thermal energy is estimated to be about 10−12 cm3/s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 95 (1991), S. 4632-4640 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: We have determined by neutron reflectivity the volume fraction profile, φ(z) of poly(dimethylsiloxane) chains in toluene adsorbed at the free surface of the solution. φ(z) is found to vary as (a/z)4/3 conforming to scaling laws proposed by de Gennes. The extension of the profile is of the order of the radius of gyration. To arrive at these results, the use of two different isotopic compositions and the simultaneous analysis of results obtained with various polymer chain lengths and concentrations are necessary. The validity of several models has been tested. With a few realistic hypotheses compatible with already existing experimental data, it appears that only the self-similar profile is acceptable for the system studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 2177-2179 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report an extension of the bi-epitaxial Josephson junction process that permits the use of a variety of substrate materials and allows junctions to be placed at any level of a multilayer structure. The new materials, SrTiO3, MgO, and CeO2, serve as a base layer, a seed layer, and a buffer layer, respectively, and replace Al2O3, MgO, and SrTiO3 in the original bi-epitaxial process. This new process offers much more flexibility in designing a circuit. Bi-epitaxial junctions made with the new set of materials show much improved electrical properties, especially at 77 K. We attribute the improved electrical characteristics to a better thermal expansion match between the substrate and the thin-film layers. Important junction properties such as critical currents and junction resistances are compared to other types of grain boundary junctions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 3051-3053 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We report the first fabrication of a monolithic dc SQUID magnetometer that operates above 77 K. We have used bi-epitaxial grain boundary Josephson junctions in YBa2Cu3O7 (YBCO) to produce the SQUID itself while the flux transformer consists of heteroepitaxial layers of YBCO/SrTiO3/LaAlO3/SrTiO3/YBCO. In the circuit fabricated, the SQUID is built on top of the epitaxial layers of the flux transformer. We have used dry etching, ion-beam cleaning, and photolithographic processing to pattern all the layers. Via contacts and step coverage of the epitaxial wire layers have been achieved without significant degradation of the superconducting properties of any of the three YBCO layers. The magnetometer enhances the magnetic field sensitivity of the bare SQUID by a factor of 127, giving an effective area, dΦ/dB, of 1.9 mm2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 5 (1991), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A 6.7kb DNA fragment containing the pigment genes of Erwinia herbicola Eho13 has been cloned into Escherichia coli. These genes were chromosomally encoded in E. herbicola. The entire DNA fragment could be divided into at least three regions. Deletions in Region I resulted in a non-pigmented phenotype, a deletion in Region II resulted in a pink/yellow phenotype, deletions in Region III resulted in either a pink or a non-pigmented phenotype. Tn 1000 insertions in the same regions, however, gave different phenotypes. Insertions in Region U produced a pink phenotype. Insertions in Region III resulted in either a light-yellow or a non-pigmented phenotype. Minicell studies showed that the 6.7kb DNA fragment encoded at least five proteins (50kDa, 42kDa, 36kDa, 35kDa and 34kDa). A 2.7kb Hin dIII deletion in Region I caused the disappearance of these proteins, suggesting that this 2.7 kb fragment may play a regulatory role in pigment synthesis. Our results also showed that a 4.1kb Eco RV fragment consisted of Region I and a part of Region II complemented a pink/yellow clone of Eho10 (pHL545), suggesting that the pigments of Eho13 and Eho10 were probably similar or identical.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Computational mechanics 7 (1991), S. 397-411 
    ISSN: 1432-0924
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract An elastic-plastic thin shell finite element suitable for problems of finite deformation in sheet metal forming is formulated. Hill's yield criterion for sheet materials of normal anisotropy is applied. A nonlinear shell theory in a form of an incremental variational principle and a quasi-conforming element technique are employed in the Lagrangian formulation. The shell element fulfills the inter-element C 1 continuity condition in a variational sense and has a sufficient rank to allow finite stretching, rotation and bending of the shell element. The accuracy and efficiency of the finite element formulation are illustrated by numerical examples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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