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  • Articles: DFG German National Licenses  (4)
  • 1990-1994  (4)
  • 1965-1969
  • 1993  (4)
  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; hypertension ; hyperlipidaemia ; syndrome X ; reduced fetal growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Two follow-up studies were carried out to determine whether lower birthweight is related to the occurrence of syndrome X — Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus, hypertension and hyperlipidaemia. The first study included 407 men born in Hertfordshire, England between 1920 and 1930 whose weights at birth and at 1 year of age had been recorded by health visitors. The second study included 266 men and women born in Preston, UK, between 1935 and 1943 whose size at birth had been measured in detail. The prevalence of syndrome X fell progressively in both men and women, from those who had the lowest to those who had the highest birthweights. Of 64-year-old men whose birthweights were 2.95 kg (6.5 pounds) or less, 22% had syndrome X. Their risk of developing syndrome X was more than 10 times greater than that of men whose birthweights were more than 4.31 kg (9.5 pounds). The association between syndrome X and low birthweight was independent of duration of gestation and of possible confounding variables including cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption and social class currently or at birth. In addition to low birthweight, subjects with syndrome X had small head circumference and low ponderal index at birth, and low weight and below-average dental eruption at 1 year of age. It is concluded that Type 2 diabetes and hypertension have a common origin in sub-optimal development in utero, and that syndrome X should perhaps be re-named “the small-baby syndrome”.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Impaired glucose tolerance ; non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus ; fetal growth ; ponderal index at birth ; placental weight to birthweight ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A follow-up study was carried out to determine whether reduced fetal growth is associated with the development of impaired glucose tolerance in men and women aged 50 years. Standard oral glucose tolerance tests were carried out on 140 men and 126 women born in Preston (Lancashire, UK) between 1935 and 1943, whose size at birth had been measured in detail. Those subjects found to have impaired glucose tolerance or non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus had lower birthweight, a smaller head circumference and were thinner at birth. They also had a higher ratio of placental weight to birthweight. The prevalence of impaired glucose tolerance or diabetes fell from 27% in subjects who weighed 2.50 kg (5.5 pounds) or less at birth to 6% in those who weighed more than 3.41 kg (7.5 pounds) (p 〈 0.002 after adjusting for body mass index). Plasma glucose concentrations taken at 2-h in the glucose tolerance test fell progressively as birthweight increased (p 〈 0.004), as did 2-h plasma insulin concentrations (p 〈 0.001). The trends with birthweight were independent of duration of gestation and must therefore be related to reduced rates of fetal growth. These findings confirm the association between impaired glucose tolerance in adult life and low birthweight previously reported in Hertfordshire (UK), and demonstrate it in women as well as men. It is suggested that the association reflects the long-term effects of reduced growth of the endocrine pancreas and other tissues in utero. This may be a consequence of maternal undernutrition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 974-974 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Process Safety Progress 12 (1993), S. 216-221 
    ISSN: 1066-8527
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The majority of buildings located at petrochemical plants, exclusive of control rooms, are of conventional construction and do not explicitly provide for resistance to blast loads. Typical construction types include steel frame with metal cladding, concrete masonry unit, and brick clad with concrete or steel frame. These buildings are designed for conventional loads without regard for high overpressures and fragments resulting from an accidental explosion. Current regulatory trends are causing many companies to evaluate design standards for new and existing support structures especially in the wake of recent accidental explosions. Response criteria is an important part of these design standards especially when they are used to analyze existing structures for blast protection. Structural evaluations at several sites have revealed that few existing structures meet current design criteria primarily due to weak member connections. Previous work has shown that many conventional structures can develop a surprising degree of resistance to blast loading if proper detailing is used in design, thus allowing members to develop their full capacity. This paper discusses response criteria currently used for new structures and examines the problem of determining acceptance criteria for existing structures. Data from explosion accidents and test programs is reviewed to determine the degree of conservatism in current criteria. Finally, alternatives for establishing blast capacity of existing structures are discussed.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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