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  • 1990-1994  (12)
  • 1994  (12)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma pressure and anisotropy inferred from the Tsyganenkomagnetic field model (1994)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 12 (1994), S. 286-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A numerical procedure has been developed to deduce the plasma pressure and anisotropy from the Tsyganenko magnetic field model. The Tsyganenko empirical field model, which is based on vast satellite field data, provides a realistic description of magnetic field configuration in the magnetosphere. When the force balance under the static condition is assumed, the electromagnetic J×B force from the Tsyganenko field model can be used to infer the plasma pressure and anisotropy distributions consistent with the field model. It is found that the J×B force obtained from the Tsyganenko field model is not curl-free. The curl-free part of the J×B force in an empirical field model can be balanced by the gradient of the isotropic pressure, while the nonzero curl of the J×B force can only be associated with the pressure anisotropy. The plasma pressure and anisotropy in the near-Earth plasma sheet are numerically calculated to obtain a static equilibrium consistent with the Tsyganenko field model both in the noon-midnight meridian and in the equatorial plane. The plasma pressure distribution deduced from the Tsyganenko 1989 field model is highly anisotropic and shows this feature early in the substorm growth phase. The pressure anisotropy parameter 〈alpha〉P, defined as 〈alpha〉P=1-P\VertP⊥, is typically \sim0.3 at x\approx-4.5RE and gradually decreases to a small negative value with an increasing tailward distance. The pressure anisotropy from the Tsyganenko 1989 model accounts for 50% of the cross-tail current at maximum and only in a highly localized region near x\sim-10RE. In comparison, the plasma pressure anisotropy inferred from the Tsyganenko 1987 model is much smaller. We also find that the boundary conditions have significant effects on the plasma pressure distributions and have to be considered carefully.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-994-0286-y
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of a cell line from primary cultures of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), gills (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of fish diseases 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2761
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Collagenase was used to prepare primary cell cultures from rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum), gills. Although difficult to subcultivate, one primary culture led to the development of a cell line, RTgill-W1. RTgill-W1 grew in the basal medium, L-15, supplemented with foetal bovine serum at between 5 and 10%, but not in L-15 alone. The cells have been passaged approximately 50 times over a 4-year period. At confluency, the cell shape was predominantly polygonal or epithelial-like. RTgill-Wl cultures were demonstrated by DNA staining with H33258 and by growth on agar to be contaminated with mycoplasma, but this contaminant was eradicated by treatment with mycoplasma removal agent (MRA) and BM cyclin.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.1994.tb00258.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Magnetic reconnection in the presence of sheared plasma flow: Intermediate shock formation (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 706-713 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Classical models of magnetic reconnection consist of a small diffusion region, which is bounded by two pairs of slow shocks. In these models, the plasma is accelerated across the shocks. It has long been postulated that violation of symmetry across the current sheet will lead to the formation of intermediate waves in the current sheet. These asymmetries are important properties of space plasma current sheets. Equally important in space plasmas is the presence of sheared flow across current sheets. In this study, the structure of steady-state reconnection is investigated in the presence of a shear flow across the current sheet with symmetric density and magnetic field strengths using two-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulations. The results show that for sheared flow above the Alfvén velocity of the inflow regions no steady-state magnetic reconnection occurs. For sheared plasma flow below this critical velocity steady-state reconnection is obtained. A detailed examination of the Rankine–Hugoniot jump conditions reveals that each pair of slow shocks is replaced by a strong intermediate shock and a weak slow shock in the presence of shear flow.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870816
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of manganese and zinc on the growth of Anacystis nidulans (1994)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 53 (1994), S. 158-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00205154
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate for embolisation of carotid aneurysm (1994)
    Springer
    Neuroradiology 36 (1994), S. 144-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Keywords: Aneurysm ; Embolisation ; Endovascular procedures
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We report the use of an N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate (NBCA) mixture for embolisation of six cases of carotid aneurysm after detachable balloons, and/or microcoils had been placed in the aneurysm. The mixture was injected into the aneurysm to prevent delayed bleeding or distal migration of the balloons, or microcoils. No subarachnoid haemorrhage or distal migration of the balloons or microcoils occurred up to 4.5 years after embolisation. Reflux of the NBCA mixture into the parent artery occurred in one patient, who had a neurological deficit which recovered in a month. NBCA mixture may be useful in embolisation of intracranial or skull base arterial aneurysms, for reducing the size of remaining lumen in an aneurysm at high risk of rebleeding which accommodate no more balloons or microcoils, or preventing possible delayed migration of balloons or microcoils. However, prevention of leakage of the mixture into the parent artery remains a problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00588084
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Growth of fish cell lines in glutamine-free media (1994)
    Springer
    Cytotechnology 16 (1994), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0778
    Keywords: Fish cells ; glutamine-free growth ; nutrition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract The glutamine requirement for thein vitro proliferation of fish cells was investigated with cell lines from four different species and three tissues: goldfish skin (GFSk-S1), Chinook salmon embryo (CHSE-214), and raibow trout liver (RTL-W1) and spleen (RTSp-W1). With a supplement of fetal bovine serum, the basal medium, Leibovitz's L-15, without glutamine supported the proliferation of all four cell lines as well, or nearly as well, as L-15 with 2 mM glutamine. This was true over short term assays of two to four weeks and for continuous propagation. CHSE-214 also grew as well with or without 2 mM glutamine in Minimum Essential Medium with fetal bovine serum. However, when the supplement was dialyzed fetal bovine serum, CHSE-214 grew much better in L-15 without glutamine. Therefore, glutamine was not required for growth in L-15, and in fact, was inhibitory in the absence of the dialyzable fraction of serum. By contrast, glutamine appeared to be important for growth in Minimum Essential Medium. When the supplement was dialyzed fetal bovine serum, CHSE-214 grew much better in Minimum Essential Medium with 2 mM glutamine. These results suggest that the glutamine requirement for thein vitro proliferation of fish cells is conditional and depends on the basal medium and serum supplement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00749903
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performing analysis of thermoformable glass fiber mats - deformation modes and reinforcement characterization (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 134-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This work is and anyalysis of the performing process of a thermoformable glass fiber mat. Important processing variables associated with the preforming operations were extracted from stamping experiments. From the study of deformation modes, we may conclude that the defects found in fiber mat preforming are closely related to these deformation modes. Stretching causes finer thinning and re-orientation. Bending results in mat springback and thickness reduction, while in-plane compression induces wrinkles through buckling. Each defect may be reduced by specific adjustments. These adjustments, however, tend to interact with each other, and make the preforming control a challenging task.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150207
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simulation-based design of sheet molding compound (SMC) compression molding (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 313-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The design of moding tool and molding cycle for sheet molding compounds (SMC) is often expensive and time consuming. Computer simulation of the compression molding proces is a desirable approach to reduce experimental prototypes. The focus of this work is to develop an automatic optimization scheme utilizing an earlier developed SMC plrocess simulation program which is capable of simulating material flow, heat trensfer, and curing. The proposed scheme reduces computing time by using approximate responses, instead of actual simulated responses, to perform the optimization. The automated optimization package minimizes user intervention during optimal design by creating an automatic link between the optimization and simulation routines. A 2-level factorial design combined with regression analysis is adopted to gather and analyze computed information, and to serve as the approximation formula. Two examples are presented to test the applicability of the optimization scheme.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150502
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    In-plane permeability measurement and analysis in liquid composite molding (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 278-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This work presents methods to measure and analyze in-plane permeabilities of various fabric reinforcements. The principal flow directions need to be determined first by conducting flow visualization. From the flow front pattern, the ratio of the permeabilities in the two principal directions can be determined. The pressure and the flow rate relationship from both radial and unidirectional flow measurement methods are then used to calculate the values of the permeabilities. By the use of the unidirectional flow measurement method, the edge flow effect can also be estimated.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150406
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of two stage pressure molding on surface quality of sheet molding compounds (1994)
    Brookfield, Conn. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Composites 15 (1994), S. 106-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0272-8397
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The goal of this work was to investigate the effect of two stage pressure molding on the compression molding of a sheet molding compound (SMC). It has been shown in previous studies that a rapid drop in pressure during SMC curing significantly reduced severity of sink marks. This study concentrated on a method of predicting the optimum time during curing to release pressure by examining material behavior through process data from in-mold sersors. A simple control scheme was them applied for automatic pressure release at the optimum time corresponding with the peak of the material expansion and the onset of the reaction exotherm.
    Additional Material: 17 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pc.750150204
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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