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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Southern Hemisphere automated supernova search (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 66 (1995), S. 2777-2784 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: The Perth Astronomy Research Group has developed an automated supernova search program, using the 61 cm Perth–Lowell reflecting telescope at Perth Observatory in Western Australia, equipped with a CCD camera. The system is currently capable of observing about 15 objects per hour, using 3 min exposures, and has a detection threshold of 18th–19th magnitude. The entire system has been constructed using low-cost IBM-compatible computers. Two original discoveries (SN 1993K, SN 1994R) have so far been made during automated search runs. This paper describes the hardware and software used for the supernova search program, and shows some preliminary results from the search system. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1145624
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the ensilage, in an anaerobic cabinet, of grass, either fresh or when thawed after deep freezing (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The suitability of freezing a large amount of grass from a single harvest for use in a series of experiments to investigate silage fermentation and its manipulation was examined. Perennial ryegrass, harvested in late June, was ensiled in sterile polythene bags inside an anaerobic cabinet; some was also stored frozen at -20°C for up to nine months before ensiling in a similar manner. The course of fermentation was followed using not only conventional chemical and microbiological analyses, but also by measuring microbial metabolic activity in vitro. Freezing and thawing affected the chemical composition and the microbial populations on the grass, and there were differences in the changes occurring in thawed grass during ensilage, probably related to damage to plant cells and impaired microbial activity associated with freezing and thawing. For both the grasses and the silages made from them, it was clear that the number of microorganisms present was not a reliable guide to microbial metabolic activity. Although the fermentation of frozen-and-thawed grass did not simulate precisely the fermentation occurring with fresh grass, it is concluded that, when used judiciously, the ensilage of thawed grass can be a useful experimental tool, particularly in the initial screening of manipulants of fermentation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1995.tb02297.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T-Cell Receptor V-Region Usage and Antigen Specificity (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 756 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1995.tb44477.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of Fourier descriptors in the classification of particle shape (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 42 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: A new quantitative method for characterizing quartz grain shape is presented. The method employs a harmonic analysis based upon Fourier descriptors which is a distinct variation of the traditional and widely used Fourier series. Quartz grain images from a scanning electron microscope were ‘frame grabbed’and converted to a digitized grey-level image. The image processing techniques of enhancement, segmentation and boundary tracking were applied to remove all features except the image boundary. This boundary was sampled at uniform intervals of are length and represented mathematically on the complex plane. In this way problems associated with the location of particle centroid and re-entrant values were avoided. The resulting data was standardized relative to scale, rotation and starting position. Hence the discrete Fourier transform was applied using modern fast Fourier transform techniques and the modulus of the resulting harmonic amplitude used to characterize the grain shape. The technique was applied to a sample of 0–5-m quartz grains from three distinct populations: desert quartz, beach grains (Fire Island, New York) and Brazilian crushed quartz. Whilst plots of average amplitude vs. harmonic number for each population appeared similar, discriminant analysis applied to each grain sample distinguished characteristic grain shape with an excellent degree of success. The problems of location of the centroid and re-entrant values were eliminated. This allowed the technique to be applied to a much wider group of irregularly shaped sedimentary particles such as loess.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1995.tb00397.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of additives on the ensilage of forage of differing perennial ryegrass and white clover content (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Pure perennial ryegrass or perennial ryegrass/white clover mixtures (70:30 and 40:60 on a fresh-matter basis) were ensiled in laboratory silos either untreated or alter treatment with freshly cultured Lactobacillus (Lb.) plantarun or freshly cultured Lb. plantarum plus Lactococcus (Lc.) lactis. freeze-dried Lb. plantarum or freeze-dried Lb. Plantarum plus sodium formate, sodium formate or formic acid. The effect of these additives on silage fermentation characteristics and quality of the resultant silages was examined. There were significant interactions between treatments and herbages for all silage quality parameters measured, except for acetic acid concentration. The influence of additives on the final pH of all silages was small but statistically significant. Lactic acid concentration was not directly related to herbage mixture, overall mean values ranging from 118 to 120 ± 1.5 g kg−1 dry matter (DM), but wider variation was seen between treatments for individual herbage mixtures. Acetic acid concentrations were significantly (P〈0·001) affected by herbage mixture ensiled, increasing linearly as clover content increased from zero to 60%. Untreated control and formic acid-treated silages contained significantly (p〈0·001) higher acetic acid concentrations than those treated with other additives. Silage ammonia N concentrations were significantly (p〈0 001) influenced by herbage mixture. Lowest ammonia N concentrations (〈 50 g kg−1 DM) were observed in silages that had been treated with formic acid, freshly cultured Lb. plantarum or Lb. plantarum plus Lc. lactis. The fraction 1 leaf protein (FILP) contents of silages were significantly (P 〈0·001) affected by both treatment and herbage mixture, with consistently and significantly higher values found in freshly cultured inoculant-treated silages. A poor correlation (r2= 0·12) existed between ammonia N and FILP in all silages. The inclusion of up to 60% white clover in the ensiled herbage did not adversely affect final silage quality. However, additive treatment markedly influenced the residual FILP content of silages, those treated with freshly cultured inoculants having the highest values.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1995.tb02320.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A mathematical model of the aerobic deterioration of silage (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Grass and forage science 50 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2494
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: A mathematical model of the aerobic deterioration of silage is described that includes the physical processes of gas and heat Rows, as well as an established model of microbial growth and the associated chemical changes. Yeasts and acetic acid bacteria are included in the growth model. The version of the model described relates to a cylinder of silage subject to forced aeration, a common experimental configuration. The model was very sensitive to variations in insulation thickness and yeast growth rate, and to initial pH, especially when maize was the forage. Great care is needed when selecting input data for use in the model to be sure that the physical and chemical properties are accurate. The model solution was sensitive to grid size, but with 361 cells, the maximum grid resolution that could be used on a 486 series PC, solutions were achieved with an acceptably small loss of accuracy. The model predicted the results of an experiment on silage deterioration quite accurately. However, the model also predicted that considerable spatial gradients of parameters, such as temperature, pH, and lactic acid, would occur. This indicates the need for care when taking samples or making temperature measurements in deterioration experiments. The model is potentially a useful tool in predicting the optimal time and position to take samples for analysis in a time-course experiment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1995.tb02306.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monocyte recruitment into the scrapie-affected brain (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 164-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Monocyte ; Scrapie ; Central nervous ; system ; Pathogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The recruitment of monocytes into the scrapie-affected brain was investigated in female mice reconstituted with male bone marrow, using a Y-chromosome-specific probe and F4/80 immunocytochemistry. Recruitment of monocytes could be demonstrated in six out of eight animals and the number of recruited cells correlated with the severity of vacuolation in most, but not all, animals. The proportion of microglia derived from recruited monocytes varied between individual animals, did not correlate with the increase in cellularity (glia) in affected areas of brain and did not affect the length of incubation period. Thus, it is unlikely that the recruitment of monocytes is a pivotal event in the development of early pathological changes in scrapie. The morphology of recruited cells in scrapie lesions, as revealed by F4/80 immunoreactivity, was indistinguishable from that of activated resident microglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294316
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monocyte recruitment into the scrapie-affected brain (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 90 (1995), S. 164-169 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Monocyte ; Scrapie ; Central nervous system ; Pathogenesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The recruitment of monocytes into the scrapie-affected brain was investigated in female mice reconstituted with male bone marrow, using a Y-chromosome-specific probe and F4/80 immunocytochemistry. Recruitment of monocytes could be demonstrated in six out of eight animals and the number of recruited cells correlated with the severity of vacuolation in most, but not all, animals. The proportion of microglia derived from recruited monocytes varied between individual animals, did not correlate with the increase in cellularity (glia) in affected areas of brain and did not affect the length of incubation period. Thus, it is unlikely that the recruitment of monocytes is a pivotal event in the development of early pathological changes in scrapie. The morphology of recruited cells in scrapie lesions, as revealed by F4/80 immunoreactivity, was indistinguishable from that of activated resident microglia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294316
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Methods for assessing splenic macrophage depletion by liposome encapsulated clodronate (1995)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 44 (1995), S. 152-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Keywords: Macrophage ; Liposome ; Spleen ; Depletion ; Clodronate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Small unilamellar vesicles containing clodronate (SUVc) injected intravenously will deplete splenic macrophages and the degree of histological depletion can be assessed by determining the clearance and uptake of monoclonal antibody coated erythrocytes. Splenic Fc dependent clearance, assessed in decomplemented animals, provides a more sensitive index of the effects of large multilamellar liposome encapsulated clodronate (MLVc) and SUVc than does the clearance of complement coated erythrocytes on macrophage depletion in the spleen. MLVc were more efficient than SUVc in inducing a reduction in the number of red pulp macrophages within the spleen. Receptor specific red cell uptake in the spleen could be used as an alternative to histology when assessing splenic macrophage depletion. Encapsulation of clodronate is crucial to its depleting effect since the free drug in saline does not change splenic macrophage number or function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01782812
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The gating of the sheep skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-release channel is regulated by luminal Ca2+ (1995)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 146 (1995), S. 133-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Sarcoplasmic reticulum ; Skeletal muscle ; Calcium-release channel ; Ryanodine receptor ; Channel gating
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of changes in luminal [Ca2+] have been investigated in sheep skeletal sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+-release channels after activation of the channels by different ligands from the cytosolic side of the channel. Native heavy SR membrane vesicles were incorporated into planar phospholipid bilayers under voltage-clamp conditions. Experiments were carried out in symmetrical 250 mm Cs+. Lifetime analysis indicates that channels activated solely by cytosolic Ca2+ exhibit at least two open and five closed states. The open events are very brief and are close to the minimum resolvable duration. When channels are activated solely by cytosolic Ca2+, luminal Ca2+ does not appear to exert any regulatory effect. The P 0 and duration of the open and closed lifetimes are unchanged. However, if channels are activated by ATP alone or by ATP plus cytosolic Ca2+, increases in luminal [Ca2+] produce marked increases in P 0 and in the duration of the open lifetimes. Our results demonstrate that maximum activation of the skeletal SR Ca2+-release channel by ATP cannot be obtained in the absence of millimolar luminal [Ca2+].
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00238004
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