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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical Manifestations of Prejudice in Psychotherapy: Toward a Strategy of Assessment and Treatment (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical psychology 3 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2850
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: Social bias is an issue of concern to both practitioners and clinical researchers. This article considers race and ethnic prejudice as a prominent clinical feature in three psychotherapy cases. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) diagnoses, General Adaptive Functioning ratings, and Minnesota Muttiphasic Personality Inventory scores are considered in terms of the level of patient disturbance and severity of out-group prejudice. Two cases exemplify chronic adverse outgroup ideation, reflecting a constellation of traits of personality disturbance, disinhibttion, and adverse behavioral response (e.g., panic, hostility, and/or aggression) to intergroup contact, while one case evidences prejudicial ideation as a transitory, conditioned response to traumatic victimization by a member of a racial outgroup. Prejudice is considered as a clinical syndrome, with treatment strategy considered in terms of the severity and chronicity of prejudicial ideation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1996.tb00084.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory and modeling of ion–molecule radiative association kinetics (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 104 (1996), S. 4502-4516 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Various aspects of the theory and modeling of ion–molecule radiative association are discussed. A general formalism for evaluating the effective rate constant for radiative and collisional association is reviewed. The implementation of variable reaction coordinate transition state theory estimates within this formalism is described. A detailed discussion is given of the limiting cases of high and low stabilization efficiency. The basic validity of the algorithm is illustrated through sample calculations for the high efficiency limit. The low efficiency limit allows for the determination of binding energies which are independent of any transition state model. The relation between the predicted and observed temperature dependence in the low efficiency limit is explored. Sample calculations employing the general formalism illustrate the usefulness of this modeling in estimating the binding energy of the complex. Modest levels of quantum chemistry (e.g., MP2/6-31G*) are found to provide satisfactory estimates of the vibrational frequencies and intensities required in the modeling. Overall, the modeling provides estimated binding energies for the protonated acetone dimer, NO+...3-pentanone, and Al+...C6H6 complexes which agree with the available literature values to within 2 kcal/mol. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.471201
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation kinetics in one-dimensional processes with continuous nucleation: The effect of shielding (1996)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 105 (1996), S. 5138-5144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A derivation is presented for the fraction of material transformed as a function of time, X(t), for one-dimensional phase transformations which occur via continuous nucleation and growth and which produce anisotropic particles. This derivation, which accounts for shielding effects and does not assume site saturation, is the first such derivation given for this type of problem. The analytical formulas which are found are evaluated in an approximate fashion for two different values of growth rate anisotropy. The results are compared with numerical simulations, and it is shown that the expressions derived are highly accurate. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.472357
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GENE TRANSFER TO HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELLS: Implications for Gene Therapy of Human Disease1 (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Medicine 47 (1996), S. 11-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4219
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Transfer of new genetic material to hematopoietic stem cells and expression of the gene product in daughter cells of various lineages is an exciting approach to the treatment of congenital and acquired human diseases. This review summarizes the current status of retroviral and adeno-associated viral vectors for gene transfer to human hematopoietic cells, including extensive preclinical data as well as preliminary results from ongoing clinical trials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.med.47.1.11
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of introducing fibreoptic bronchoscopes on gas flow in laryngeal masks and tracheal tubes (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 51 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The laryngeal mask airway, reinforced laryngeal mask airway and tracheal tube were studied to determine (1) flow resistance during simulated inspiration and (2) the maximum size of fibreoptic scope which can he passed down the lumen at clinically useful ventilatory settings. In addition, the flow resistance imposed by the mask aperature bars was quantified. The laryngeal mask airway can accommodate a larger fibrescope than the corresponding sizes of reinforced laryngeal mask airway or tracheal tube. Mean (range)flow resistance was 2.3 (1.7-35) times higher with the reinforced laryngeal mask airway compared to the laryngeal mask airway, 2.1 (1.2-4.2) times higher with the tracheal tube compared with the laryngeal mask airway and 1.2 (0.7-1.8) times lower with the tracheal compared with the reinforced laryngeal mask airway. Removal of the mask aperture bars resulted in a mean decrease in flow resistance of 3.6%. Our data have shown that the laryngeal mask airway can accommodate a larger fibrescope than either the reinforced laryngeal mask airway or tracheal tube at clinically useful ventilatory settings and that the current recommendations for maximum size of fibrescope should be revised.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1996.tb14958.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Neuromuscular effects of rocuronium in children during halothane anaesthesia (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric anesthesia 6 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9592
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Rocuronium bromide, a nondepolarizing muscle relaxant has been shown to have a short onset and intermediate duration of action in adults and young children. We evaluated onset time, intubating conditions, as well as duration of action of rocuronium in children ages four to 12 years during nitrous oxide-halothane anaesthesia. Following a stable recording of train-of-four (TOF) impulses at the ulnar nerve, patients were given rocuronium 600 μg˙kg−1 intravenously. We found that the time to 90% and 100% neuromuscular (N-M) block of the (TOF) was 51 ± 18 s and 66 ± 32 s respectively. Intubation was achieved at 94 ± 31 s and rated as good or excellent in all cases. Time to recovery of N-M transmission to 25%, 75% and 90% of control was 29 ± 8 min, 42 ± 14 min and 46 ± 16 min respectively. Heart rate increased ∼12 BPM after drug injection, while the blood pressure remained unchanged. From our data we conclude that, as in other age groups, rocuronium has a rapid onset, intermediate duration of action in children 4–12 years of age, and appears devoid of significant side effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9592.1996.tb00451.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Ecology of Family Guidance in Low-Income Mexican-American and European-American Families (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Social development 5 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-9507
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: This two-part study applied an ecocultural perspective to socialization of daily and long-term goals in low-income Mexican-American and European-American families with children in third, fifth, and seventh grades. The first part of the study examined family members' participation and parents' socialization goals and guidance strategies for their children's daily household chores and homework activities. The second part of the study examined parents' long-term aspirations and guidance strategies for their children's educational, vocational, and moral development. For daily activities, results showed that in Mexican-American families both parents and siblings played important roles, whereas in European-American families parents were the primary socialization agents. As predicted, in both groups parents' expertise influenced their guidance strategies. Finally, Mexican-American and European-American parents differed in their relative endorsement of gender, relational, and self-reliance goals for household chores. For long-term goals, parents in both groups held high educational, vocational, and moral aspirations for their children. However, some parents of seventh-graders had lower educational and vocational aspirations than those of fifth- and third-graders. Although expertise consistently influenced Mexican-American parents' guidance strategies, the pattern for European-American parents was mixed. The discussion highlights between- and within-group differences in daily and long-term socialization practices with an emphasis on resources and vulnerabilities in the families.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9507.1996.tb00069.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heavy metal history from cores in Wellington Harbour, New Zealand (1996)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 27 (1996), S. 59-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Heavy metal ; Core ; Wellington, New Zealand ; Bioavailable ; X-ray fluorescence ; Acid leaching ; Estuary ; Index of geoaccumulation ; I geo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Analysis of ten heavy metals (Ag, Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Sb, Zn) in six sediment cores from Wellington Harbour show both anthropogenic enrichments and diagenetic modifications. Absolute concentrations determined by two methods, x-ray fluorescence and acid leaching for bioavailability, are not comparable. However, vertical trends in concentrations of the cored sediment are comparable. To assess levels of anthropogenic pollution, enrichment factors (enriched concentrations in upper core divided by background levels in lower core) are preferred over index of accumulation (I geo) values because preindustrial or background levels of heavy metals are well constrained. The ten metals are placed into three groups: (1) Cu, Pb, and Zn, which show the most anthropogenic enrichment; (2) As, Cd, Cr, Ni, and Sb, which are often associated with anthropogenic pollution but show only minor enrichment; and (3) Fe and Mn, which are diagenetically enriched. Assuming harbor waters are well mixed, anthropogenic enrichments of Cu, Pb, and Zn, are time correlative, but the degree of enrichment depends on the method of analysis and core location. Levels of As, Cd, Pb, and Zn show small variations in preindustrial sediments that are not related to changes in grain size and probably result from changes in the oxidation-reduction potential of the sediments and salinity of the pore waters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00770603
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms mediating insulin-induced hypotension in rats (1996)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 33 (1996), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Insulin-induced hypotension ; Adrenergic antagonists ; Ganglionic blockers ; Cholinergic antagonist ; Atropine ; Hexamethonium ; Prazosin ; Atenolol ; L-NAME ; Nitric oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mechanisms associated with insulin-induced cardiovascular inhibitory responses were evaluated in untreated normal rats and in normal rats pretreated with an antagonist of nitric oxide (NO) production (L-NAME), with cholinergic, alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonists, or after ganglionic blockade. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with a mixture of urethane and alpha-chloralose and placed on a electric heating pad. The femoral artery and vein were cannulated for measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, plasma glucose, blood sampling, and intravenous injections. Intravenous injection of insulin (5.0 U/kg) in untreated rats resulted in a significant and sustained decrease in arterial blood pressure (average 24%) and in a slight decrease in heart rate. These cardiovascular responses were blocked by L-NAME and by the cholinergic antagonist atropine, suggesting an involvement of NO and the cholinergic receptors, or an effect of insulin on the central nervous system parasympathetic center. The ganglionic blocker hexamethonium attenuated the insulin-induced response. On the other hand, the hypotensive effect of insulin persisted after sympathetic blockade with the alpha-1 antagonist prazosin and the beta-1 antagonist atenolol. We conclude that the insulin-induced decrease in blood pressure is due to both increased cholinergic outflow and to NO production and that an enhanced sympathetic activity possibly mediated by a reactive release of norepinephrine or epinephrine modulates this response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571561
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanisms mediating insulin-induced hypotension in rats (1996)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 33 (1996), S. 263-268 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: Key words Insulin-induced hypotension ; Adrenergic antagonists ; Ganglionic blockers ; Cholinergic antagonist ; Atropine ; Hexamethonium ; Prazosin ; Atenolol ; L-NAME ; Nitric oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The mechanisms associated with insulin-induced cardiovascular inhibitory responses were evaluated in untreated normal rats and in normal rats pretreated with an antagonist of nitric oxide (NO) production (L-NAME), with cholinergic, alpha- and beta-adrenergic antagonists, or after ganglionic blockade. Male Wistar rats were anesthetized with a mixture of urethane and alpha-chloralose and placed on a electric heating pad. The femoral artery and vein were cannulated for measurements of mean arterial pressure (MAP), heart rate, plasma glucose, blood sampling, and intravenous injections. Intravenous injection of insulin (5.0 U/kg) in untreated rats resulted in a significant and sustained decrease in arterial blood pressure (average 24%) and in a slight decrease in heart rate. These cardiovascular responses were blocked by L-NAME and by the cholinergic antagonist atropine, suggesting an involvement of NO and the cholinergic receptors, or an effect of insulin on the central nervous system parasympathetic center. The ganglionic blocker hexamethonium attenuated the insulin-induced response. On the other hand, the hypotensive effect of insulin persisted after sympathetic blockade with the alpha-1 antagonist prazosin and the beta-1 antagonist atenolol. We conclude that the insulin-induced decrease in blood pressure is due to both increased cholinergic outflow and to NO production and that an enhanced sympathetic activity possibly mediated by a reactive release of norepinephrine or epinephrine modulates this response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571561
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