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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Contributions to Continuity, Change, and Co-occurrence of Antisocial and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence (1998)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd.
    The @journal of child psychology and psychiatry 39 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1469-7610
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Psychology
    Notes: In adolescence, antisocial and depressive symptoms are moderately stable and modestly correlated with each other. We examined the genetic and environmental origins of the stability and change of antisocial and depressive symptoms and their co-occurrence cross-sectionally and longitudinally in a national sample of 405 adolescents. Monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins and full, half, and unrelated siblings 10–18 years of age from nondivorced and stepfamilies were studied over a 3-year period. Composite measures of adolescent self-reports, parent reports, and observational measures of antisocial and depressive symptoms were analysed in multivariate behavioural genetic models. Results indicated that the majority of the stability in and co-occurrence between dimensions could be accounted for by genetic factors. Nonshared environmental risks and, for antisocial symptoms, shared environmental risks also contributed to the stability. Genetic influences on change were observed, but only for antisocial behaviour. In addition, the longitudinal association between antisocial behavioural and later depressive symptoms was also found to be genetically mediated, but this effect was nonsignificant after controlling for stability. Results are discussed in light of the potential contributions of developmental behavioural genetic research in understanding individual differences in the stability and change of maladjustment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1469-7610.00328
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature dependence of the growth rate for nanocrystalline diamond films deposited from an Ar/CH4 microwave plasma (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 73 (1998), S. 1646-1648 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated the effect of substrate temperature on the growth rate and properties of nanocrystalline diamond thin films prepared by microwave plasma-assisted chemical vapor deposition on (100) Si from a 1% methane (CH4) precursor in argon (Ar). In previous work we have shown that the carbon dimer C2 is the dominant growth species for this CH4/Ar system without the addition of molecular hydrogen. In the present work, the apparent activation energy for this growth process from C2 was determined from a standard Arrhenius-type analysis of the growth rate data for substrate temperatures between 500 and 900 °C. The measured value of 5.85±0.438 kcal/mol (0.254±0.019 eV/atom) is shown to be in close agreement with the results of recent modeling studies of the energetics of C2 addition to the diamond (110)–(1×1):H surface. These results have important implications for low-temperature diamond coating of nonrefractory materials such as glasses. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.122233
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodontal Diseases and Dental Implants in Older Adults (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of esthetic and restorative dentistry 10 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1708-8240
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Older adults present special problems for the dentist trying to establish or reestablish esthetics. Periodontal diseases are of concern for this population since tooth loss from these widespread problems increases with age. In general, this loss occurs because of increased exposure time to pathogenic bacteria, not some change inherent in the body brought on by the aging process. The profession has begun to place more emphasis on systemic risk factors and their role in modifying periodontal inflammation. The current thinking is that bacteria are necessary to initiate and sustain periodontal diseases, but the clinical manifestation is dictated to a significant extent by systemic factors. Smoking, diabetes, and being positive for the interleukin-1 genotype predispose the patient to developing more severe disease. For those older adults who lose teeth, dental implants have emerged as reliable replacements, and concerns about placing these devices in patients who have lost teeth as a result of periodontitis appear to be largely unfounded.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1708-8240.1998.tb00367.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of prolonged use of surfactants on the skin of normal and photo-exposed hairless mice (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Contact dermatitis 39 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0536
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Laboratory tests to assess the irritant potential of materials, such as skin cleansers, which are normally used over a long period by humans, fail to mimic actual use. Most washing tests last a few days or at most a few weeks. Skin sites and techniques are often not standardized. The more standardized patch test involves occlusion and results in exaggerated reactions, since even water and blank patches produce visible and pathophysiologic changes. All of these tests rely on visual assessment despite strong evidence that similarly appearing skin can be very different histologically. The primary objective of this study was to use a well-defined animal model to evaluate the cumulative effects of repeated skin exposure to low levels of surfactants of varying skin irritation potential. A secondary aim was to examine whether or not surfactant-induced skin changes were exacerbated by suberythemal UV radiation. Test materials were applied topically, 2× daily to the dorsal areas of normal and low-dose solar simulator exposed mice for 15 weeks. Our results show that, with conditions mimicking typical normal use, these surfactants and skin cleansers produce little or very mild histological changes in the skin. UV irradiation alone produced the greatest change in all histological parameters examined, with no synergistic or additive effects with the topical treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0536.1998.tb05915.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vogel, Dan: Early Mormon Documents. Vol. 1 : Salt Lake City, Signature Books, 1996 (1998)
    New York : Cambridge University Press
    Church history 67 (1998), S. 603-604 
    Details
    ISSN: 0009-6407
    Source: Cambridge Journals Digital Archives
    Topics: History , Theology and Religious Studies
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3170983
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shifting T-cell activation thresholds in autoimmunity and determinant spreading (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Immunological reviews 164 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: The best-characterized autoimmune T-cell response is that to myelin basic protein (MBP), MBP has classically been regarded as a sequestered antigen that does not cause negative selection. This view has been fostered by the observation that T-cell receptor-transgenic T cells that are specific for the “immunodominant determinant” on the molecule, MBP:Ac 1–11, persist as naive cells in MBP-expressing H-Z” mice. The same T cells, however, can cause autoimmune pathology once they have been primed by environmental stimulation to become memory cells. Once the autoimmune response to Ac1-11 has been engaged, determinant spreading occurs and second-wave T-cell responses that are specific for weaker, “cryptic” determinants like MBP: 121–140 develop. Although the nature of these cryptic determinants has been enigmatic, recent studies using MBP-”-mice have provided new insights. These studies showed that MBP is not a sequestered antigen, but one that causes negative selection; as MBP: 121–140 is actually the immunodominant determinant in MBP-/- mice, it tolerizes high avidity clones in MBP+/+ mice, making it appear cryptic. Based on this new information, we attempt here to redefine the MBP-specific repertoire within the theoretical framework of the threshold model for negative selection, and we propose a model of shifting T-cell activation thresholds to explain how ignorant/naive T cells can become effector cells of autoimmune pathology and why this effector cell repertoire spreads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1998.tb01207.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A newly identified regulator is required for virulence and toxin production in Pseudomonas syringae (1998)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 28 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The genes lemA (which we here redesignate gacS) and gacA encode members of a widely conserved two-component regulatory system. In Pseudomonas syringae strain B728a, gacS and gacA are required for lesion formation on bean, as well as for the production of protease and the toxin syringomycin. A gene, designated salA, was discovered that restored syringomycin production to a gacS mutant when present on a multiple-copy plasmid. Disruption of chromosomal salA resulted in loss of syringomycin production and lesion formation in laboratory assays. Sequence analysis of salA suggests that it encodes a protein with a DNA-binding motif but without other significant similarity to proteins in current databases. Chromosomal reporter fusions revealed that gacS and gacA positively regulate salA, that salA upregulates its own expression and that salA positively regulates the expression of a syringomycin biosynthetic gene, syrB. Loss of syringomycin production does not account for the salA mutant's attenuated pathogenicity, as a syrB mutant was found to retain full virulence. The salA gene did not similarly suppress the protease deficient phenotype of gacS mutants, nor were salA mutants affected for protease production. A gacS/gacA-dependent homoserine lactone activity as detected by bioassay was also unaffected by the disruption of salA. Thus, salA appears to encode a novel regulator that activates the expression of at least two separate genetic subsets of the gacS/gacA regulon, one pathway leading to syringomycin production and the other resulting in plant disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.1998.00842.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physiological Stress Responsivity and Perceived Stress Among Subjects With Irritable Bowel Syndrome (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of applied biobehavioral research 3 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1751-9861
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Psychology
    Notes: This study sought to evaluate perceived and physiological stress responsivity among subjects with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Nineteen females with IBS symptoms and 19 nonsymptomatic female comparison participants participated in the experiment. Participants completed a series of personality and mood questionnaires, as well as a laboratory procedure measuring cardiovascular responses and perceived stress while performing laboratory tasks (i.e., the Stroop Color Naming Test and a Serial 7s subtraction task). Although participants did not significantly differ in blood pressure during the laboratory procedures, IBS participants had significantly lower pulse rates during the procedure. IBS participants perceived the laboratory tasks as being more stressful than comparison participants, which was measured by self-report. Results suggest that IBS sufferers may be more sensitive to perceived stress than others.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-9861.1998.tb00047.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dwelling Age Heteroskedasticity in Repeat Sales House Price Equations (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Real estate economics 26 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-6229
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Several authors have attributed the heteroskedasticity observed in repeat sales house price equations to the length of time between sales. Recently, Goodman and Thibodeau (1995) developed a theoretical model that relates heteroskedasticity in hedonic house price equations to dwelling age. Using data for nearly 2,000 repeat sales in Dallas, Texas, this research examines whether repeat sales heteroskedasticity is related to dwelling age, to the length of time between sales, or to both. An iterative generalized least squares procedure that explicitly models the residual variance is used to obtain robust parameter estimates and to increase the efficiency of the usual repeat sales price indices.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1540-6229.00742
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transvenous Single Lead Atrial Defibrillation: Efficacy and Risk of Ventricular Fibrillation in an Ischemic Canine Model (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pacing and clinical electrophysiology 21 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1540-8159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Transvenous atrial defibrillation with multiple atrial lead systems has been shown to be effective in models without the potential for ventricular arrhythmias. The specific aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of transvenous single lead atrial defibrillation in a canine model of ischemia cardiomyopathy. Ten dogs had ischemia cardiomyopathy induced by repeated intracoronary micmsphere injections. The mean LV ejection fraction decreased from 71%± 9% to 38%± 14% (P = 0.003). Spontaneous atrial fibrillation (AF) developed in four dogs, and in six AF was induced electrically. Atrial defibrillation thresholds (ADFTs) were determined with synchronous low energy shocks using a transvenous tripolar lead with two defibrillation coils (right ventricle, superior vena cava) and an integrated sensing lead (RV coil vs electrode tip). The ADFTs derived by logistic regression were compared at 50% and 90% probability of success (ED50, ED90): ED50 was 2.4 ±1.7 J and 2.9 ±2.1 J, respectively, for 5- and 10-ms monophasic shocks, and 1.8 ± 0.9 J and 2.1 ± 1.3 J, respectively, for 5- and 10-ms biphasic shocks. Immediately after 3 of 2,179 (0.1%) synchronized shocks, ventricular fibrillation (VF) developed. VF was induced in 3 of 1,062 (0.3%) shocks with integrated sensing (RV coil vs electrode tip) compared to 0 of 1,117 shocks when a separate bipolar RV sensing electrode was used for synchronization. In our canine model of ischemic cardiomyopathy, low energy atrial defibrillation via a transvenous single lead system was highly effective. However, there was a small but definite risk of VF induction, which seemed to be greater when an integrated as opposed to a true bipolar RV sensing was used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-8159.1998.tb00102.x
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