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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 109 (1998), S. 1425-1434 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: The ground- and excited-state properties of both gas phase and crystalline ruthenocene, Ru(cp)2, are investigated using density functional theory. A symmetry-based technique is employed to calculate the energies of the multiplet splittings of the singly excited triplet states. For the crystalline system, a Buckingham potential is introduced to describe the intermolecular interactions between a given Ru(cp)2 molecule and its first shell of neighbors. The overall agreement between experimental and calculated ground- and excited-state properties is very good as far as absolute transition energies, the Stokes shift and the geometry of the excited states are concerned. An additional energy lowering in the 3B2 component of the 5a1′→4e1″ excited state is obtained when the pseudolinear geometry of Ru(cp)2 is relaxed along the low-frequency bending vibration. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 1820-1822 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: We observe a light-induced on–off switching of the selective donor–acceptor pair excitation in bulk-grown semi-insulating GaAs. The spectral dependence of the switching process is related to the metastability of the EL2 defect. In the ground state, this As-antisite related midgap donor compensates the shallow acceptors and is responsible for the semi-insulating properties of the material. The loss of the shallow acceptor compensation, that accompanies the transfer of the EL2 to its metastable state leads to the observed absorption and luminescence quench of the shallow donor–acceptor pairs. We exploit these effects in demonstrating optical data storage in semi-insulating GaAs. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 70 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract: We have previously developed an in vitro model for traumatic brain injury that simulates a major component of in vivo trauma, that being tissue strain or stretch. We have validated our model by demonstrating that it produces many of the posttraumatic responses observed in vivo. Sustained elevation of the intracellular free calcium concentration ([Ca2+]i) has been hypothesized to be a primary biochemical mechanism inducing cell dysfunction after trauma. In the present report, we have examined this hypothesis in astrocytes using our in vitro injury model and fura-2 microphotometry. Our results indicate that astrocyte [Ca2+]i is rapidly elevated after stretch injury, the magnitude of which is proportional to the degree of injury. However, the injury-induced [Ca2+]i elevation is not sustained and returns to near-basal levels by 15 min postinjury and to basal levels between 3 and 24 h after injury. Although basal [Ca2+]i returns to normal after injury, we have identified persistent injury-induced alterations in calcium-mediated signal transduction pathways. We report here, for the first time, that traumatic stretch injury causes release of calcium from inositol trisphosphate-sensitive intracellular calcium stores and may uncouple the stores from participation in metabotropic glutamate receptor-mediated signal transduction events. We found that for a prolonged period after trauma astrocytes no longer respond to thapsigargin, glutamate, or the inositol trisphosphate-linked metabotropic glutamate receptor agonist trans-(1S,3R)-1-amino-1,3-cyclopentanedicarboxylic acid with an elevation in [Ca2+]i. We hypothesize that changes in calcium-mediated signaling pathways, rather than an absolute elevation in [Ca2+]i, is responsible for some of the pathological consequences of traumatic brain injury.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Der Radiologe 38 (1998), S. 578-585 
    ISSN: 1432-2102
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Phlebographie ; Doppler- und Duplexsonographie ; Extremitätenvenen ; Qualitätssicherung ; Key words Phlebography ; Duplex-ultrasound ; Extremity veins ; Quality standards
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary By interdisciplinary cooperation with the German Societies for Angiology, Phlebology and Vascular Surgery, recommendations have been worked out which address the indication of phlebography of the veins of the extremities and which define the quality standards of phlebographic techniques. The specific clinical questions in varicose syndrome, acute thrombosis and postthrombotic syndrome have to be answered by employing adequate phlebographic technique, documentation, and description of relevant morphologic and functional findings.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung In Zusammenarbeit mit den Fachgesellschaften Deutsche Gesellschaft für Angiologie, Deutsche Gesellschaft für Phlebologie und Deutsche Gesellschaft für Gefäßchirurgie wurden Empfehlungen zur Indikationsstellung, Untersuchungstechnik und Qualitätssicherung der Extremitätenphlebographie erstellt. Für die speziellen klinischen Fragestellungen beim Varikosesyndrom, bei der akuten Phlebothrombose und beim Postthrombotischen Syndrom werden die Qualitätsmerkmale für die Dokumentation und Befundung nach morphologischen und funktionellen Gesichtspunkten tabellarisch zusammengefaßt.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1920
    Schlagwort(e): Key words Magnetic resonance imaging ; Perfusion studies ; Dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging ; Cerebral blood volume ; Brain infarcts
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract MRI perfusion studies have focussed mainly on acute ischaemia and characterisation in ischaemia. Our purpose was to analyse regional brain haemodynamic information in acute, subacute, and chronic ischaemia. We performed 16 examinations of 11 patients on a 1.5 T MR images. Conventional and dynamic contrast-enhanced imaging were employed in all examinations. For the dynamic susceptibility sequences, a bolus (0.2 mmol/kg) of gadopentetate dimeglumine was injected. Reconstructed regional relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) maps, bolus maps, and conventional images were analysed by consensus reading. In all examinations decreases in rCBV were observed in the lesions. The distribution of regional rCBV in lesions was heterogeneous. The rCBV of the periphery of the lesions was higher than that at their center. There was a correlation between the time since onset and abnormalities on the rCBV map and T2-weighted images (T2WI). In the early stage of acute stroke, the abnormalities tended to be larger on the rCBV than on T2WI. Many patterns of bolus passage were observed in ischaemic regions. rCBV maps provide additional haemodynamic information in patients with brain infarcts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Macmillan Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 393 (1998), S. 769-771 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] Optical fibres doped with lanthanide or transition-metal elements can serve as in-line lasers and amplifiers for fibre-optic telecommunications systems. In general, most such fibre lasers use conventional silica-glass fibres doped with erbium or neodymium. But silicon dioxide absorbs strongly ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    The European physical journal 2 (1998), S. 165-173 
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Schlagwort(e): PACS. 42.50.Fx Cooperative phenomena; superradiance and superfluorescence - 03.65.Sq Semiclassical theories and applications
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Abstract: A well known description of superradiance from pointlike collections of many atoms involves the dissipative motion of a large spin. The pertinent “superradiance master equation” allows for a formally exact solution which we subject to a semiclassical evaluation. The clue is a saddle-point approximation for an inverse Laplace transform. All previous approximate treatments, disparate as they may appear, are encompassed in our systematic formulation. A byproduct is a hitherto unknown rigorous relation between coherences and probabilities. Our results allow for generalizations to spin dynamics with chaos in the classical limit.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1433-0407
    Schlagwort(e): Schlüsselwörter Magnetresonanztomographie ; Diffusion ; Echo-planar ; Zerebrale Ischämie ; Key words MRI ; Diffusion ; Echo - planar ; Cerebral ischemia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Summary Magnetic resonance imaging represents today the most important tool in neuroradiology for both clinical pratice and research. MRI allows imaging of the human body in 2 or 3 dimensions with variable tissue contrast. The natural diffusion of tissue protons can now be used as a supplementary contrast mechanism. Different MRI techniques can be used to obtain clinically useful diffusion-weighted images. These techniques all require the use of strong gradient pulses in order to obtain the diffusion contrast. In the current article, the most important physical principles of diffusion measurement are presented. After a short introduction into the basic physical principles, we will present the prerequisites and limitations of clinically relevant applications today. Finally a few select examples of clinical use of these techniques in the acute diagnosis of stroke will be presented.
    Notizen: Zusammenfassung Die Kernspintomographie (Magnetresonanztomographie, MRT) ist das zentrale diagnostische Instrument der Neuroradiologie für die Routinediagnostik, aber auch für Fragestellungen, die Forschung und Lehre betreffen, geworden. Zu den bereits bekannten und erprobten MR-Bildkontrasten ist die Diffusion der Protonen als neuer zusätzlicher Kontrastmechanismus hinzugekommen. In letzter Zeit wurden verschiedene kernspintomographische Techniken beschrieben, die zur Diffusionsbildgebung herangezogen werden können. Dabei verlangen MR-Diffusionssequenzen den Einsatz starker Gradientenpulse, die den Diffusionskontrast erzeugen. Andere, weniger bekannte Techniken lassen sich aber auch auf MR-Geräten mit schwächeren Gradienten einsetzen. Untersuchungen die belegen, daß Art und Ausmaß eines Schlaganfalls mit der MR-Diffusionsbildgebung sehr früh mit hoher Sensitivität nachzuweisen ist, haben diese neue MR-Bildgebungstechnik in das Zentrum von Therapiestrategien für diese häufige Erkrankung gerückt. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden die wichtigsten physikalischen Grundlagen der MR-Diffusionsmessung vorgestellt. Die heute klinisch einsetzbaren Techniken, deren technische Voraussetzungen und Einschränkungen werden erläutert. Im abschließenden Teil wird die klinische Anwendung dieser neuen Bildgebungstechnik zur Diagnostik von akuten Hirninfarkten anhand einiger Beispiele beschrieben.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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